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4 Charging to sight glass This method normally applies to larger systems that have a liquid receiver. Refrigerant is charged into the system, and as it is metered in, the technician observes the sight glass in the liquid line. Eventually, once no more bubbles can be seen in the sight glass, the charge size has approximately been achieved, as shown here: In addition, the refrigerant cylinder(s) should be weighed before and after, and the charged amount checked against the intended charge or compared against the size of the liquid receiver to ensure that it will not hydraulically fill during pump-down. Charging according to system performance It is possible to charge a system according to the system’s performance characteristics. This is done by monitoring the suction pressure, discharge pressure, evaporator superheat and liquid subcooling out of the condenser. First, the design performance characteristics are noted: the ambient temperature, the application temperature (to be cooled to), the intended superheat and subcooling. From the ambient temperature and the application temperature, a typical condenser and evaporator temperature difference is assumed for the equipment under consideration (say, for example, 8 K), from which the saturated condensing and evaporating temperatures, and finally suction and discharge pressures are estimated. Thermometers are tightly attached to the liquid line and suction line (using a heat transfer paste and insulated). Refrigerant is then gradually added into the system and the pressures and temperatures monitored. As the estimated suction and discharge pressures are approached, and the design subcooling and superheat values are achieved, a suitable charge is achieved. Again, as with the sight glass, there is a delay between adding refrigerant and the resulting performance characteristics being achieved, so these performance characteristics should be observed for some time to ensure that the reading are more or less constant. Charging by sight glass However, as there is always a delay between adding the refrigerant and the effect on the sight glass, the technician should take extra time to ensure that the correct charge has been added. It should also be borne in mind that longer delays between adding refrigerant and the response of the sight glass occur with larger systems. As with all other systems, it is important to consider the ambient temperature and the possibility of adding a little more refrigerant so that no bubbles appear during warmer/cooler ambient conditions. Bubbles A Clear Glass 104 Servicing PracticesPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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