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5 • Upon evaluation of a system that requires major repair and is close to the end of its technical/economical life, consider replacement if it is more cost effective than retrofitting. • The safety and environmental properties of alternative refrigerant to be used, such as flammability, toxicity, ODP and global warming potential shall be considered. • Include in the assessment the compatibility of components and materials in the system, such as elastomers and oil. Also components like sight glasses and oil separators must be checked for suitability. • Assess and examine the operating conditions of the system and determine the service and its operational history. If necessary, consult the equipment manufacturer for the recommended alternative refrigerant and lubricant for the system. Use of drop-in refrigerants The phasing-out of ODS refrigerants, and in particular, CFCs in the RAC sector, has led to the development of new refrigerants that are often claimed to be direct replacements for the original ODS refrigerants. These refrigerants vary in compositions; some are synthetic fluorocarbons, others are natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons (HCs), some are single substances, others are blends. However, it is important to thoroughly investigate any particular refrigerant that is being considered for use, to ensure that it is a suitable replacement for the situation under consideration, and that those working with the refrigerant are fully aware of its implications. The following should be carried out: • Check the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to understand its safety characteristics • Request relevant information related to the substance from the manufacturer of the substance • Find out whether or not the existing mineral oil needs to be replaced or not • Technicians should also look for training on the proper handling of these new refrigerants. Hydrocarbons are known to be flammable, although there are certain concentrations that must be reached prior to explosion if ignition occurs. That is why education and information dissemination is very important. Several developing countries are implementing, with the support of UNEP and other implementing agencies, training programmes in good practices, and the use of drop-in refrigerants among other topics are covered in such courses. General retrofitting procedures A generalised procedure should be followed when retrofitting any refrigeration system with an alternative refrigerant. However, there may well be specific variations according to the particular characteristics of the system under consideration and the refrigerants involved. See the interactive diagram to see how this flow works for a retrofitting of CFC refrigeration equipment. 111 RetrofittingPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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