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Fossil fuels Carbon-based fuels derived from geological (fossil) carbon deposits. Examples include coal, oil and natural gas. Fractionation The change in composition of a refrigerant mixture by e.g. evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s). Gauge pressure The pressure for which the value is equal to the difference between the absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. Global warming potential (GWP) An index comparing the climate impact of an emission of a greenhouse gas relative to that of emitting the same amount of carbon dioxide. GWP is determined as the ratio of the time integrated radiative forcing arising from a pulse emission of 1 kg of a substance relative to that of 1 kg of carbon dioxide, over a fixed time horizon. Greenhouse effect carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and ozone. Moreover, there are a number of entirely anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as the halocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances that are covered by the Montreal Protocol. Some other trace gases, such as sulphur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons , are also greenhouse gases. Halocarbons Chemical compounds containing carbon atoms, and one or more atoms of the halogens chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine. Fully halogenated halocarbons contain only carbon and halogen atoms, whereas partially halogenated halocarbons also contain hydrogen atoms. Halocarbons that release chlorine, bromine or iodine into the stratosphere cause ozone depletion. Halocarbons are also greenhouse gases. Halocarbons include chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and halons. Halogens A family of chemical elements with similar chemical properties that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Heat It is a form of energy that transferred from one place to another owing to a temperature difference between them. Heat could be transferred from one form of energy to another. Heat exchanger A part of the refrigerating system used for transferring heat across a boundary, including the condenser, evaporator, and intercoolers. Hermetic An airtight sealed system. Hermetic compressor A combination of a compressor and electrical motor, both of which are enclosed in the same housing, with no external shaft or shaft seals, the electrical motor operating in a mixture of oil and refrigerant vapour. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere effectively absorb the thermal infrared radiation that is emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself, and by clouds. The atmosphere emits radiation in all directions, including downward to the Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases trap heat within the surface troposphere system and raise the temperature of the Earth’s surface. This is called the natural greenhouse effect. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to increased absorption of infrared radiation and causes a radiative forcing, or energy imbalance, that is compensated for by an increase in the temperature of the surface-troposphere system. This is the enhanced greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) The gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation within the spectrum of the thermal infrared radiation that is emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere and by clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, 145 GlossaryPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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