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Methodology to design a bottoming Rankine cycle

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Methodology to design a bottoming Rankine cycle ( methodology-design-bottoming-rankine-cycle )

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75 76 77 78 7. 79 80 81 82 83 8. 84 85 the working fluid and the engine waste heat sources (dT). The heat exchanger volume must satisfy the space requirement imposed. The dT must be reconsidered when the heat exchanger volume does not satisfy the volume requirement. Calculation of the real cycle. Non-isentropic compression and expansion processes are calculated in this point of the theoretical study. Different charts are used to estimate the pump and expander machine efficiencies [24, 25]. If the power output obtained in this step is lower than the minimum power required, the selection of working fluid and/or heat sources will have to be reconsidered. In this step, the effect of the real cycle assumption on the heat exchanger sizing is neglected. Other pre-imposed limits and goals must be evaluated before determining the final optimum configuration. In this last step, other feasibility criteria such as: maximum installation cost or weight could be evaluated before determining the optimal bottoming cycle configuration. 86 Following, two examples are shown in next section in order to illustrate the effect of each step on the performance 87 of a bottoming cycle for a double-stage HDD engine. 88 3. Application of the methodology for bottoming cycle in HDD engine 89 Recovering waste energy in an automotive is one of the most complex cases in the implementation of a bottoming 90 cycle in vehicles due to four main aspects: 1) There are many operating points, 2) in each operating point there are 91 different available waste heat sources, 3) these sources present very different temperature levels and power available, 92 4) the limitation and goals are usually very strict because the solution implemented must be cheap, without large space 93 and weight requirement, technically feasible and profitable in global energetic terms. In this section, the problem of 94 the implementation of a bottoming cycle in HDD Engine is selected for the purpose of illustrating the methodology 95 detailed previously. 96 3.1. Problem specification 97 In a vehicle, the reduction of bsfc (brake specific fuel consumption) can be considered as the most important goal 98 of the implementation of this kind of technology. A high power output in a bottoming cycle implies an important heat 99 transfer process. This heat transfer process requires different heat exchangers whose volume and weight requirements 100 can be higher than allowed by the vehicle design limits. Taking this restriction into account, the methodology was 101 applied following two different goals as examples: 102 • 103 104 • 105 106 Maximum reduction of brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) without any space limitation, here in after, case A. Acceptable reduction of bsfc with the space restriction, here in after, case B. In this work, a bsfc higher than 5 % and space requirement lower than 0.2 m3 were imposed. The imposed goals or restrictions strongly depend on the engine manufacturing criteria. 4

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