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167 selections of the heat sources will be carried out the A and B problem criteria. Each waste heat source in a HDD 168 engine has a different temperature, exergetic and energetic level. These differences can produce significant variations 169 in the cycle efficiency and consequently in the cycle net power [21, 22]. The variations in the cycle efficiency occur 170 because the temperature of the heat source determines the evaporator temperature of the cycle and the evaporator 171 temperature is directly related to the cycle efficiency. The exergy contribution of each waste heat source has been 172 studied to select the best sources in the engine (generally those sources with highest temperature), in order to address 173 step (2) of the proposed methodology in Figure 1. The exergy contribution of EGR, exhaust gases and aftercooler 174 is shown in Figure 5. These three heat sources account for nearly 80% of the total exergy in the engine. Thus, the 175 implementation of a bottoming cycle with these waste heat sources is highly recommended in order to simplify the 176 bottoming cycle structure. 177 Two different sets of heat sources have been considered in this study: The first configuration for the case A 178 includes all the HDD Engine waste heat sources, in order to evaluate the maximum output power obtained at each 179 engine working condition. The second option for the case B, considers only the three higher exergetic sources (exhaust 180 gases, EGR and aftercooler). 181 3.4. Selection of the working fluid 182 One of the factors regarding the efficiency of a bottoming cycle is the selection of the optimum working fluid 183 [36, 37]. For this study, different fluids like halocarbons, CFC, HCFC, HFC, Hydrocarbons, ammonia and water have 184 been considered as possible working fluids. These fluids were analyzed in previous works with the same HDD engine 185 studied in this paper for different bottoming cycles by Dolz et al. [21] and Serrano et al. [22]. The criteria used for the 186 selection of the working fluid are good physical and thermodynamic characteristics providing high thermal efficiency 187 and high exploitation of the available heat source. Furthermore, the selected fluid should be environmentally friendly, 188 present low toxicity and characteristics of low-zero inflammability. In these works, water and R245fa were considered 189 as the optimum working fluids. 190 A RC with water as working fluid has acceptable exergy losses in heat exchanges of high-temperature sources 191 [38] due to it presents a low temperature difference through the heat transfer process [39]. because it allows a low 192 temperature difference between cooled and heated fluids. The R245fa is an organic fluid in an ORC; it is often used 193 in these cycles, in order to recover the power from heat sources at low temperatures,[7, 9, 38, 40, 41]. RC with water 194 and ORC with R245fa will be the studied bottoming cycles to recover the waste heat in different engine working 195 conditions for both cases (A and B). More details of this justification can be found in [21, 22], where a deep analysis 196 of this selection was performed only for 1800 rpm and 100% load engine operating conditions. 197 3.5. Calculation with the ideal cycle assumption 198 In step (5) of the proposed methodology, the performance of an ideal cycle in each engine operating point was 199 evaluated in order to analyze which had the maximum output power through the implementation of a power cycle. The 7PDF Image | Methodology to design a bottoming Rankine cycle
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