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Published in: Euroheat & Power, Volume, 10/2002 5 6 Operational experience The ORC unit in the biomass CHP plant in Lienz has been in successful continuous operation since February 2002. Within the framework of the EU demonstration project a comprehensive monitoring programme is performed during the first year. According to operation data already evaluated, the net electrical efficiency of the ORC plant amounts to 18% at nominal load and about 16.5% at 50% partial load at feed water temperatures of 85°C (see Figure 7). This underlines the excellent partial load behaviour of this technology and its suitability for heat- controlled operation. The internal electric power demand of the ORC for the feed pumps amounts to about 60 kW at nominal load and forms the difference between the gross and the net electric power output of the plant. Thus, the gross electric efficiency of the ORC is about 19% at nominal load. Furthermore, the measurement data already gained clearly show that the ORC plant can be operated at up to 120% of its nominal electric power, which is an additional advantage during the winter months. In Figure 9 a typical operation of the ORC during a winter day is depicted. This graph shows how the electric power output follows the heat demand of the district heating network and how quick load changes are possible with the ORC unit. ORC plants are relatively silent (the highest noise emissions occur at the encapsulated generator and amount to about 80 dB(A) at a distance of 1 m. The start-up of the plant took place without any problems. In the first six months of operation no substantial disturbances of the ORC plant occurred. The biomass-fired thermal oil boiler, the thermal oil economiser and the air pre-heater are equipped with an automatic cleaning system based on pressurised air. This system has already proved itself since during the first nine months of operation no manual boiler cleaning was necessary and boiler operation took place without rising flue gas temperatures at the boiler outlet. This aspect is also of great relevance for a high availability of the overall CHP plant. The first biomass CHP plant based on an ORC cycle put in operation within the EU is situated at the STIA wood processing company in Admont (A). This plant has now been working for almost three years and has been running for more than 20,000 operating hours, which stresses the reliability and high availability of this technology [4, 7]. Since the cycle of the ORC process is closed and thus no losses of the working medium are possible, the operating costs are low. Only moderate consumption-based costs (lubricants) and maintenance costs are incurred. Regarding the necessary maintenance, periodic weekly checks by the operator excepted, a routine one to two day examination is recommended once a year by the manufacturer. The usual lifetime of ORC units is greater than twenty years, as has been proven by geothermal applications. The silicone oil used as working medium has the same lifetime as the ORC since it does not undergo any relevant ageing. 7 Economic evaluation of the CHP plant in Lienz Based on the project in Lienz and on experiences with other biomass CHP applications, comprehensive investigations concerning the economy of decentralised biomass CHP plants have been performed. In this paper the electricity production costs of a biomass CHP plant based on a 1,000 kWel ORC process are outlined. The calculation of the production costs for electricity is based on the VDI guideline 2067. This cost calculation scheme distinguishes four types of costs: 5PDF Image | ORC process integrated in the biomass CHP plant in Lienz, Austria
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