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Published in: Euroheat & Power, Volume, 10/2002 6 – capital costs (depreciation, interest costs), – consumption based costs (fuel, consumables), – operation-based costs (personnel costs, costs for maintenance) and – other costs (administration, insurance). Technical data and important side constraints for the cost calculations are shown in Table 3 and 4. These data are taken from implemented or pre-designed plants in order to secure realistic figures. For a more detailed presentation of the calculation of electricity production cost see [2]. The capital costs are based on additional investment costs, and consider only the surplus investment costs of a CHP plant in comparison to a conventional biomass combustion plant with a hot water boiler and the same thermal output. The additional investment costs form the correct basis for the calculation of the electricity production costs of a CHP plant (excluding costs for buildings). This approach seems to be meaningful because decentralised biomass CHP plants (nominal electric capacity below 2.0 MW) primarily produce process or district heat. An electricity-controlled operation of decentralised biomass-fired CHP plants is neither economically nor ecologically meaningful due to the limited electrical efficiencies achievable with such systems. In contrast, the overall efficiency of a heat controlled biomass CHP plant can be very high (up to 90%). Consequently, electricity production is an alternative and implementation depends mainly on the profitability of the additional investment necessary. Additionally, it is possible to separate costs for electricity production from costs for heat production and to make them independent of the combustion system used. This approach makes possible clear comparisons of costs for heat only and CHP applications and forms the basis for a correct calculation of the electricity production costs. The additional investment costs of a biomass CHP plant based on a 1,000 kWel ORC cycle compared to a conventional biomass heating plant with the same thermal output are shown in Table 3 and do not consider subsidies. Table 4 gives an overview of the electricity production costs calculated from the total annual surplus costs for a biomass CHP plant in comparison to a conventional biomass heating plant with the same thermal output. An average fuel price of 15 €/MWh (NCV), an interest rate of 6% p.a. and a service life of the CHP unit of 10 years were taken as a basis. The service life is derived from the fact that the feed-in tariffs for electricity from biomass are secured for 10 years according to present Austrian regulations. The biomass fuel price represents the price of a mixture of bark, industrial wood chips and forest wood chips, which is a representative fuel blend for Austrian conditions taking a secured long-term fuel availability into consideration. Only the amount of additional fuel needed for electricity production is considered (see Table 3), taking into account that the overall average efficiency of a biomass CHP plant is usually slightly lower than that of a heat only application (80% instead of 85%). The annual costs for consumables (such as lubricants and sealings), maintenance and other expenditures are calculated by taking a percentage of the additional investment costs based on operational experience [2, 7]. The personnel costs and the amount of electricity needed for the thermal oil circulation are derived from experiences already gained from the Lienz CHP plant as well as from the CHP plant in Admont [7]. Concerning the capacity utilisation of the ORC unit, 5,000 full load operating hours have been considered for the base case scenario. As shown in Figure 4 the specific electricity production costs calculated amount to 120 €/MWh(el). For an ORC unit with a nominal electric capacity of 500 kW and the same basic conditions, the specific electricity production costs increase by approximately 15% mainly due to higher specific investment costs (economy-of-scale effect). The most relevant 6PDF Image | ORC process integrated in the biomass CHP plant in Lienz, Austria
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