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Contribution of Hydrogen Fuel Cells to Electricity Generation Histograms of frequency distribution of the role of hydrogen fuel cells (H2FC, Box 1) in electricity generation across scenarios, number of scenarios (from a total of 34) and generation in EJ per year. Figure A shows the fuel cells contribution in 2020, Figure B in 2050 and Figure C in 2100. The relative positions of IIASA-WEC scenarios are indicated in the histograms. After clustering during the first decades within the region of up to 20 EJ per year in much the same way as hydrocarbon fuel cells (see above), some scenarios lead to a substantial contribution of fuels cells by 2050 of up to 80 EJ per year. The distribution is very skewed in 2050. A few scenarios that fall between 20 and 40 EJ per year are mitigation cases. Mitigation and baseline scenarios are otherwise well mixed with respect to the contribution of hydrogen fuel cells below and above these levels. The spread of scenarios is quite wide by the end of the century. Again, mitigation and baseline scenarios jointly presented in most of the categories. . Thus, the hydrogen fuel cells penetration in the long run is quite independent on the need to control carbon emissions. The hydrogen fuel cells are apparently favored and a robust technology choice across the scenarios despite the thigher complexity of the respective energy chains. Contribution of Hydrogen Fuel Cells to the Power Production in 2020 IIASA-WEC A1, A2, A3, B, C1, C2 median = 2 EJ 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 450 ppmv stabilization 550 ppmv stabilization 650 ppmv stabilization 750 ppmv stabilization Baseline scenarios <20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 >180 Power Generation, EJ Figure A. Histogram of the hydrogen fuel cells (H2FC) contribution to electricity generation across scenarios in 2020. Investment Costs for Coal Fuel Cells Histograms of frequency distribution of the investment costs of coal fuel cells across scenarios, number of scenarios (from a total of 34) and 1990 dollars per kW installed electric capacity. Figure A shows the investment costs in 2020, Figure B in 2050 and Figure C in 2100. The relative positions of IIASA-WEC scenarios are indicated in the histograms. After clustering during the first decades within the region of more than $1800 per kW installed electric capacity, the investment costs bifurcate into two categories, one with costs between $1400 to 1600 and the other with $1800 and more Number of ScenariosPDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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