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per kW installed during the period from 2050 to 2100. Most of the mitigation scenarios fall within the lower cost category interval primarily because the scale of application of these technologies is higher in these scenarios leading to higher assumed rates of costs reductions. 25 20 15 10 5 0 Investment Costs for Coal Fuel Cells in 2020 median = 2000 US$90/kW Only the WEC scenarios assume that coal fuell cells enter the market before 2020. IIASA-WEC A1, A2, A3, B, C1, C2 450 ppmv stabilization 550 ppmv stabilization 650 ppmv stabilization 750 ppmv stabilization Baseline scenarios <200 200-400 400-600 600-800 800- 1000- 1200- 1400- 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Investment costs, US$90/kW 1600- >1800 Figure A. Histogram of investment costs for coal fuel cells (Coal FC) across scenarios in 2020. Investment Costs for Natural-Gas Fuel Cells Histograms of frequency distribution of the investment costs of natural gas fuel cells across scenarios, number of scenarios (from a total of 34) and 1990 dollars per kW installed electric capacity. Figure A shows the investment costs in 2020, Figure B in 2050 and Figure C in 2100. The relative positions of IIASA-WEC scenarios are indicated in the histograms. After clustering during the first decades within the region of between $1000 and 1200 per kW installed electric capacity, some of the investments in 2050 in new capacity become lower extending down to $800 per kW installed and start bifurcating into two categories with costs between $600 to 800 and between $1000 and 1200 per kW installed by 2100. Most of the mitigation scenarios fall within the lower cost category interval primarily because the scale of application of these technologies is higher in these scenarios leading to higher assumed rates of costs reductions. The IIASA-WEC scenarios fall in the upper category primarily because the scale of application is not as high as in IPCC scenarios. Number of ScenariosPDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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