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Coal FC Gas FC Waste Bio STC Bio GTC Nuc LC Nuc HC Nuc HTR&FBR Hydro Solar Th Solar PV Wind Geothrm H2FC Coal based high temperature fuel cell. Efficiency is 50 percent, plant life 25 years and plant factor 65 percent. It is assumed in most of the scenarios that this technology will be available commercially after 2010. High temperature fuel cell powered by natural gas. Rejected heat is available for co-generation. Efficiency is 60 percent, plant life 25 years and plant factor 65 percent. It is assumed in most of the scenarios that this technology will be available commercially after 2010. Standard municipal waste power plant (Rankine cycle) with 90 percent FGD and 50 percent DENOX. Initial efficiency in the base year (1990) is 29 percent, plant life is 30 years and plant factor 65 percent. Biomass power plant (single steam cycle) with some potential for district heat co-generation. Initial efficiency in the base year (1990) is 29 percent, plant life is 30 years and plant factor 65 percent. Biomass gasification power plant. Initial efficiency in the base year (1990) is 46 percent, plant life is 25 years and plant factor 65 percent. Low-cost conventional nuclear power plant (light and heavy water reactor) . Initial efficiency in the base year (1990) is 30 percent, plant life is 30 years and plant factor 70 percent. High-cost conventional nuclear power plant (light and heavy water reactor). Initial efficiency in the base year (1990) is 35 percent, plant life is 30 years and plant factor 75 percent. Aggregation of various types of advanced nuclear power plants including high temperature and fast breeder reactors with some potential for district heat and hydrogen co-generation. Initial efficiency ranges between 40 and 45 percent. Plant life is 30 years and plant factor 75 percent. Aggregation of various types of hydroelectric power plants. Low and high cost plants are distinguished in all scenarios in order to reflect the influence of different sites and other factors on the plant costs. Plant life is 60 years and plant factor 50 percent. Solar thermal power plant with storage and some potential for district heat and hydrogen co-generation. Plant life is 25 years and plant factors differ significantly across world regions ranging from 10 to 50 percent. Aggregation of various types of solar photovoltaic power generation including large-scale power plants and small-scale onsite electricity production. Plant life is 25 years and plant factors differ significantly across world regions ranging from 10 to 50 percent. Wind turbine power plant. Plant life is 25 years and plant factor 25 percent. Geothermal power plant. Plant life is 30 years and plant factor 70 percent. Aggregation of types of hydrogen fuel cells for industrial and residential use with some potential for district heat co-generation. (Note that explicit assumptions for investment costs are not part of the MESSAGE model for all end-use technologies including these types of hydrogen fuel cells. Consequently, it was not possible to include the H2FC fuel cells in the comparison of investment costs.)PDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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