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INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION A NOVEL APPROACH TO INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITH POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS Michael Lax ORMAT Group of Companies Background Although an industrial waste heat resource for electricity generation does not entirely comply with the traditional definition of renewable energy, and is more connected to energy eco- efficiency, the WEC Committee on Renewables was right to include it in its Terms of Reference. The resource is renewable in the sense that it doesn’t deplete primary energy resources (by using heat streams which, until now, were unused, wasted, or released to the atmosphere, often with negative consequences), it can provide base load reliable power, and has a highly positive impact on the environment. ORMAT “discovered” this hidden distributed resource some twenty years ago as a viable potential for medium sized (up to 20 MW) power generation. During this time the company has completed numerous industrial waste heat power projects using a wide variety of heat resources in applications such as chemical, cement and glass plants, oil refineries, waste incinerators, pulp and paper mills and gas pipeline compressor stations. ORMAT's air- or water- cooled Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power units have been installed worldwide, in the U.S.A., Canada, Europe, Japan and China, providing on-site generation to reduce the capacity required at the industrial site, or for sale to the grid. The field-proven technology contained within the ORMAT ORC power units exists; it is available and cost effective. However, during the years of promoting and attempting to commercialize this renewable technology, ORMAT had to cope with an assortment of difficulties, hurdles, misperceptions and an overall lack of interest within the marketplace. The following describes ORMAT's experiences in promoting industrial waste heat utilization for power generation, the difficulties encountered and are still encountering, and ORMAT's suggestions for ways to exploit this under-utilized resource to its full commercial value. The Potential of Unused Industrial Heat for Power Generation Industrial processes, even cogeneration based, with waste heat at different temperatures: gases of 275-500oC, condensing vapors and fluids of 100-250oC, and hot oils of 200-350oC, can increase their eco-efficiency by adding power generation to their basic process. There are many such heat streams, especially in industrialized countries. Potential generation, in the U.S.A. alone from unused industrial heat, is estimated at 8,000 MW, equivalent to 16 utility size power plants and enough for 8 million homes. Industrial European countries can also contribute non-marginal amounts of electric energy, without using any additional energy resources. The same applies toPDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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