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Flooding of the Lower Gordon River was proposed in 1981, as part of Stage 2 of the Gordon River Power Development (the “Lower Gordon scheme”). This proposal was strongly opposed by the Tasmanian Wilderness Society and green groups from around Australia. Significantly, in 1982, the then South West National Park, Franklin-Lower Gordon Wild Rivers National Park and the Cradle Mountain – Lake St. Clair National Park were designated as the ‘Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area’ (see Map 3 – 1981 World Heritage Area Nomination). The Lower Gordon power development proposal would have led to inundation of parts of this area, including significant Huon pine habitat and caves containing Aboriginal artefacts. Demonstrations continued after Stage 2 of the Gordon River Power Development received State parliamentary approval. When the national Labor Party came to power in 1983, it used the external powers under the World Heritage Convention to override the State Government, and construction of the Lower Gordon power scheme was permanently halted. Hydro Tasmania had carefully planned the development of hydro-power in Tasmania to meet the rising demand for electrical energy. This planning was thrown into disarray by the blocking of the Lower Gordon development, and the future ability of the State to meet the demand for electricity was thrown into doubt. Up to 1000 jobs were put in jeopardy in a region, which offered little alternative employment for the skilled workforce. After swift but careful consideration, two smaller hydro schemes were proposed that were both outside the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area - the "King" and the "Anthony". Together these schemes would have an average annual output of 120 MW, somewhat less than the 180 MW planned for the Lower Gordon scheme. The King and Anthony schemes were also less economic than the Lower Gordon scheme. The Commonwealth Government agreed to fund part of the capital cost so that the unit price of power from the two alternative schemes would be the same as that forecast for the Lower Gordon scheme. These events set the stage for the King River Power Development. Both Tasmanian houses of parliament gave their approval promptly, as did the wider Tasmanian community, and Hydro Tasmania embarked on the engineering investigation, design and construction activities concurrently instead of in the normal planned sequence. While there was no legal requirement for Hydro Tasmania to produce an environmental management plan, the decision to do so reflected a business recognition of the need to demonstrate more socially and environmentally responsible development. 4. INVESTIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The King River Power Development presented some very unique site investigation and design challenges, primarily arising from a suite of environmental issues associated with a large copper mine which had been operating in the catchment over the past 100 years. The Mount Lyell Copper Mine in Queenstown (see Map 2), at the time of site investigations, still continued to practice direct discharge of its tailings (fine-grained waste sediments) directly into the Queen River. Substantial accumulations of tailings and smelter slag could be found stored in the bed, banks and delta of the lower King River. Additionally, considerable sulphidic rock is found exposed to air and rainfall on the mining lease. Heavy metals associated with this sulphidic rock, notably copper, aluminium and zinc, are liberated due to the creation of acid drainage and are present in high concentrations in the run-off from the lease site. At the time the Lower Gordon scheme was halted, significant studies had already been carried out on the King River catchment as part of Hydro Tasmania’s considerations into alternative power development options. These studies were released for public scrutiny in 1980, and included:PDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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