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5. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE SCHEME Hydro Tasmania has won a number of Engineering Excellence Awards from the Australian Institute of Engineers for technical excellence in relation to the King River Power Scheme. Dams Located at the head of the King River gorge the main dam, Crotty Dam is 83 m high. It is a concrete-faced gravel and rockfill embankment. The fill is local river gravels from the King River floodplain upstream of the dam. Their use avoided the need for quarrying and thus reduced costs and visual impacts, but required special techniques to avoid saturation in a high rainfall area. The spillway consists of a 3.6 m diameter bottom outlet in the diversion tunnel and, contrary to traditional practice for rockfill dam design, a chute spillway is located on the downstream face of the embankment. This choice significantly lowered the cost of construction and eliminated any scarring to the adjacent environment. The reinforced concrete chute is designed to accommodate settlement of the embankment and ensure safe operation. Hydro Tasmania was emboldened to proceed with this world’s first innovative step because of its 20 year history of building and monitoring very successful concrete-faced rockfilled dams. Darwin Dam is a gravel dam located on a saddle between the King and Andrew Rivers. The foundations were found to be very complex, with several geological faults and some karstic limestone, all hidden below a thick mantle of gravel. Defensive measures have been taken against the possible development of sinkholes in the storage. Hydro Tasmania has a world class dam safety program focussed on ensuring that the dams perform in a manner that does not place the community or assets at risk. Ongoing programs of surveillance, performance analysis and emergency preparedness assure safety. Tunnels Normally, long headrace tunnels are excavated from the downstream end on a gradually rising grade so that water inflows can drain away. In contrast the King headrace tunnel was excavated from upstream for both technical and environmental reasons. The result is that the tunnel intake is permanently submerged and the highest point in the tunnel is near its downstream end. Where the headrace tunnel becomes the power tunnel and descends to the power station, a vertical surge shaft would normally be provided. The cost of a surge shaft was avoided by constructing a tunnel rising to the surface at road grade from this point. Surges take place in the access tunnel, which also meets the need for road access when inspection or maintenance is required. The geology of the liner was complex, with numerous faults and folds in the predominantly metamorphic rocks. The tunnel was permanently supported using dowels, avoiding concrete lining, which resulted in substantial savings. Power Station The power station is of circular slip formed construction. It is located at the downstream end of the narrow King River gorge and is tucked into a left bank excavation clear of any flows, which might deposit gravels in the tailrace. With an effective head of 184 m on the turbine, the rated output is 143 MW for a flow of about 85 m3/s. The station is designed for unmanned operation and is controlled remotely from the System Control Centre in Hobart. Signals reach the station via a passive reflector on an adjacent hill. Oil bunding was custom designed and built into the transformer yard, which ensures that any spills will be captured and contained. Transmission LinePDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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