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For your information I have attached two pictures. The first one shows the number of wood using heat and power plants in Finland. Their number is slightly over 140. It also gives information of so-called energy entrepreneurs or energy cooperatives, which have increased during the last 5 years from 10 up to 150. Those cooperatives are mainly private forest owners who make a contract with the local community to supply fuel wood to the community heating plant. The price of the wood fuel is bound to the price of the competitive fossil fuel, usually light or heavy fuel oil. The concept seems to work well when operating with heating plants ranging from 0,5 up to 15 MW. This picture also explains why I did not make the analysis on plant by plant basis. The second picture is part of the work carried out at CEN Technical Committee 335, standardization of solid biofuels at the European level. The aim of the coming standard is to facilitate the trade of solid biofuels in the internal market. The picture shows the variety of wood and wood derived fuels currently found at the (Finnish) market. It also shows the need for the common terminology as well as the need for the classification and fuel specification. The conclusion is that currently the biofuels are subsidized in most European countries. The forms of subsidies vary from investment aids to tax reliefs and everything in between. Ambitious promotion programs for biofuels have been established with more or less realistic targets. This development is likely to continue until the biofuels are competitive against the fossil fuels. Simultaneously, the efforts should be focused on the technical development as well because it gives the possibilities to a real price reduction and real competitiveness. Together with the technical progress, the advantages (and disadvantages) of different biofuel mixes should be studied. As some examples show, proper mixing of local fuels may lead to an ideal solution both from technical and economical point of view. References: VTT Research Report, The status of the use, research and development of the wood energy in EU. (in Finnish). Author: Pirkko Vesterinen, Jyväskylä, October, 2001.PDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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