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Canadian Experience with Barriers to Development of Small and Micro Hydro Energy Prepared by BC Hydro with assistance of the Sheltair Group Resource Consultants Introduction In Canada, and the province of British Columbia (BC) in particular, micro and small hydroelectricity generators have been supplying power for many years. These facilities operate with small dams or other structures to divert water from smaller rivers, streams, and creeks to a generating station. Hydroelectricity is currently one of the most important of the clean, economically feasible and renewable energy options. Hydro developments can avoid substantial volumes of greenhouse gases and other air emissions and thereby reduce energy production impacts on climate and air quality. Small or micro hydro facilities with limited or no water reservoirs often avoid the widespread biological effects large facilities can cause. Small-scale hydroelectric developments therefore have significant potential for contributing to our world’s sustainable energy mix. However, a number of barriers to small and micro-hydro development exist. This paper will identify some key barriers and provide examples of strategies aimed at overcoming them. For purposes of the paper, micro hydro developments are defined as those with a capacity of less than 2 MW, whereas small hydro facilities provide between 2 and 50 MW of power. They are similar in terms of impacts and operation, and for convenience we will refer to them together as “small-scale hydro”. The paper draws mostly from experiences in British Columbia, Canada’s most mountainous region, where a large number of small-scale hydro plants are installed and where the potential remains very large. Context The province of BC, on the west coast of Canada, is particularly well suited to small-scale hydro. The province experiences high levels of precipitation over mountainous terrain, resulting in an abundance of small rivers with high gradients that are suitable for hydro development. There is a high level of environmental awareness of the general public, public agencies, and corporate energy sector in BC. Due to perceived or actual environmental impacts, the public tends to disfavour large hydroelectric facilities and thermal power projects. In contrast, the public perceives small-scale hydro as low impact projects that are more acceptable or even desirable. The regulatory situation for electric power in BC is very complex. Multiple agencies from federal (i.e. national), provincial (i.e. state), and local jurisdictions are involved in the assessment, approval, and development process of micro- and small-hydro projects. The main electric utility, BC Hydro, generates, transmits, and sells electricity within a monopoly service area. It is owned by the government of the province and regulated by a utilities commission, aPDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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