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Figure 2: Energy consumption for sawmill products [5] Energy* Percentage of used energy [%] Product Lumber (naturally dried) Lumber (kiln dried) *per m3 of final product [GJ/m3] 0.06 – 0.20 1.00 -2.88 Heat 0 87 Electric energy 100 13 With regard to respective processes, the most part of consumed energy comprises thermal energy, however, kiln drying and steaming of wood are the biggest consumers of thermal energy. The electricity is mostly used for electric engine operation in machines, internal transport and other purposes such as lightning, heating, production ad distribution of compressed air, etc. Along with heat and electricity certain amounts of engine fuels are consumed in sawmill for internal transport. This consumption ranges, regardless of the type of products, between 3 and 5 l/m3 [5]. 4.3 Economic justification of CHP plants in sawmills In Serbia there are projects for installing CHP plants for wood biomass, however there is no applied use yet. Therefore, the following examples are found in literature [7]. The examples of CHP plants for wood biomass encompasses two types of technologies: ORC turbine and Stirling engine. Data on technical and investment characteristics of these two are extracted from paper [7]. Turboden T-600-CHP is used as example for ORC turbine plants (hereinafter ORC 650). MAWERA other example in this paper (hereinafter: Stirling these technologies is shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. boiler with coupled stirling engine is the 70). All relevant data for comparison of Figure 3: Technical data of CHP plants [7] Parameter Fuel power input (nominal condition) Electric capacity (nominal condition) Useful heat capacity (nominal condition) Total efficiency Full load operating hours Total fuel energy consumption Gross electricity generation Heat generation Utilization period Unit kWh kWhel kWhth % h/a kWh/a kWh/a kWh/a a ORC 650 4,333 650 3,250 86 6,000 27,857,143 3,322,243 20,057,143 10 Stirling 70 635 70 500 86 6,000 4,000,000 390,460 3,020,000 10 1619PDF Image | POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF CHP IN THE WOOD INDUSTRY IN SERBIA
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