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The Chena Hot Springs geothermal ORC unit will use R134a as working fluid and look almost identical to a centrifugal chiller 19XR/XR T Generator Turbine Evaporator Prefr = 15 bar Condenser Prefr = 4 bar Twater= 700C Twater= 850C Pump Twater= 100C Twater= 50C Figure 8. The Chena Hot Springs geothermal chiller derivative ORC unit 6. CONCLUSIONS 1. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine has been developed as a derivative of an existing centrifugal compressor with a discrete passage diffuser used on water-cooled chillers. 2. In order to operate at the higher temperature levels required for ORC duty when using engine exhaust or flare heat as heat input into the ORC unit, a lower pressure refrigerant was required to keep working pressures at acceptable levels. 3. Power density matching between compressor and turbine operation is needed for cost-effective utilization of existing compressor hardware as a radial inflow turbine. This can be achieved by switching from R-134a for HVAC compressor operation to R-245fa for ORC turbine operation when encountering higher temperature waste heat sources. 5. For moderate geothermal resource temperatures the power producing ORC system can use the original refrigerant used in centrifugal chillers at its working fluid, increasing the similarity between HVAC and ORC equipment. Such a unit is currently under construction for testing at Chena Hot Springs in the near future. 4. The cost advantage of HVAC equipment over power generation equipment allows an economically viable product despite the inherently (= second law of thermodynamics) low thermal efficiency of low temperature waste heat power recovery. 7. REFERENCES 1. Smith, I.K., The Choice of Working Fluids for Power Recovery from Waste Heat Streams, Transactions by the Institute of Marine Engineers of Conference on Organic Fluids for Waste Heat Recovery in Ships and Industry, pp. 8-18, January 7-8, 1981. 2. Brasz, L.J., Bilbow, W.M., Ranking of Working Fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle Applications, paper R068 presented at the 10th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana, July 12-15, 2004.PDF Image | Power Production from a Moderate Temp Geothermal Resource
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