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3.1.3 Results Figure 2 provides the cost distribution for hydropower at a regional level. High potentials can be found in Asia and Latin America. OECD Europe has relatively a high share of low cost resources compared to other regions. 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Hydropower Costs < 3 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 5 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 10 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 15 US$ ct/kWh Africa and Middle East Asia Oceania Latin America Non-OECD Europe and FSU North America OECD Europe Figure 2: Cost of hydropower for different cost categories 3.2 Biomass energy 3.2.1 Technical potential The use of biomass energy is currently increasing, both for the application of heat, e.g., by means of CHP, as well as for transport fuels and electricity, e.g. by means of co-firing. Its current in- stalled electric capacity is estimated at 48 GW (Greenpeace, Erec, 2007). And its total current (2004) use including heat and transport fuels is estimated at around 50 EJ/y (IPCC, 2007). Biomass resources are available from large range of different feedstock (Figure 3). Here we dis- tinguish dedicated energy crops and residues from agriculture, forestry, food industry and waste. The category energy crops includes short rotation forestry, the category residues is not further, due to lack of data. The primary biomass can be converted to all energy applications; heat, elec- tricity and transport fuel. In this report we specify the technical potential and costs of primary biomass (residues and energy crops) and the costs and technical potential of biomass electricity. 11 Technical potential (TWh/y)PDF Image | REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network
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