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4.2 The cost of renewable electricity For renewable electricity, the technical potential has further been presented for dif- ferent cost categories as presented in Figure 21. There are only limited studies that provide cost distribution. According to the studies assessed here at costs below 3 ¢/kWh there is only wind energy available, both onshore and offshore. However, studies have indicated that also hydropower and geothermal electricity may be gen- erated at costs below 3¢/kWh. However, due to the lack of data we have not indi- cated the share of the technical potential at this cost level. 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Solar PV Solar- CSP Wind Offshore Biomass energy crops Biomass Residues Hydropower Wind offshore Geothermal electric Ocean power Costs < 3 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 5 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 10 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 15 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 20 US$ ct/kWh Costs < 30 US$ ct/kWh Figure 21: Global potential of renewable electricity sources at different cost categories on the long term 4.3 Discussion and Uncertainties The data in this study provide insight in the total potential of renewable energy sources. It does not consider additional barriers like additional social obstacles, e.g. or environmental restrictions, e.g. water stress or biodiversity imitations for bio- mass energy. It is strived to include all technical restrictions that are in place. How- ever, as this study is based on a review of various studies it was not always possible to be consistent in the type of geographical limitations that are included. Some studies might be more restricted on the available areas for certain technologies, e.g. for hydropower whereas other studies only focus on the main measurable parame- ters, e.g. for geothermal. At this moment there is no study available that consis- tently analyses the potential for all renewable energy sources using the same poten- tial definitions. 40 Technical potential (PWh/y)PDF Image | REN21 Renewable Energy Policy Network
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