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Executive Summary Overview Global investment in renewable energy has grown sharply in the past five years as countries strive to meet growing energy demands, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen energy security. Given that a broad group of services are indispensable to the development and functioning of renewable energy projects, the rapid expansion in renewable energy investment and installed capacity worldwide implies a similarly vibrant global market for renewable energy services. In a letter dated July 30, 2012, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) requested that the Commission provide a report on renewable energy and related services that among other things defines types of renewable energy and related services, identifies leading suppliers, and generally describes the relationship of renewable energy services to the development of renewable energy projects worldwide. As requested, this report estimates the size of the U.S. and global markets, discusses trends, and identifies barriers to U.S. trade and investment in renewable energy services. The USTR also asked that the report focus on services incidental to the development, generation, and distribution of renewable energy, with particular emphasis on wind energy (onshore and offshore) and solar energy, and other technologies that the Commission’s research shows to be of significance. The USTR defined such services to include scientific and technical consulting, services incidental to energy distribution, professional services, construction and engineering services, management consulting and related services, and maintenance and repair of equipment, among others. This report arrives at several major conclusions. First, the U.S. and global markets for renewable energy services are growing rapidly, particularly for solar and wind energy. The United States, the European Union (EU), Canada, and China are the leading markets for wind and solar energy services, but many emerging markets in Asia and Latin America are also seeing growth in spending on installations and services. Services related to other renewable energy sources (mainly small hydropower and geothermal) are also on the rise, though to a lesser degree and in more widely distributed areas. Second, though data on trade in renewable energy services are not available, it is likely that large U.S. and EU services firms lead in global exports of renewable energy services. Similarly, it is likely that the United States and the EU account for much of the global importation of such services, though to a lesser degree, as many countries in the early stages of developing renewable energy markets lack domestic providers and must import the services. Third, while there are few barriers that specifically target trade in renewable energy services, broad barriers to investment and to the movement of natural people appear to affect firms’ ability to operate in certain markets. Local-content requirements in some markets may discourage services imports as well. While most such rules are intended to foster domestic industry and discourage imports of energy equipment, they may have the secondary effect of limiting services imports, as manufacturers frequently provide such xiiiPDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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