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. Solar Photovoltaic Energy Services The global market for solar photovoltaic (PV) services has grown rapidly in response to the explosive rise in solar PV installations worldwide; installed capacity grew more than 10-fold from 2007 to 2012. The value of global solar PV services associated with installations was estimated to be $34 billion in 2011, or 36 percent of the broader market for solar PV installations (including equipment and services). The largest markets for solar PV services in 2011 were Italy ($9.8 billion), Germany ($5.1 billion), the United States ($3.1 billion), and Japan ($3.0 billion). The major global services industries associated with solar energy—large-scale project development; engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC); and operations and maintenance (O&M)—are highly fragmented, but tend to be dominated by multinational firms based in the three largest markets, Europe, China, and the United States. The residential and commercial PV services markets tend to be dominated by domestic firms and are most vibrant in the United States, the European Union, and Japan. Wind Energy Services The global market for wind energy services has grown in concert with the sharp increase in globally installed wind energy capacity, which more than quintupled from 2007 to 2012. In 2011, the value of services associated with wind installations was estimated at nearly $23 billion, or roughly 32 percent of the broader global market for wind power installations (including equipment and services). The largest markets in 2011 for wind services were China ($9.0–$11.8 billion), the United States ($5.5–$7.1 billion), Germany, ($2.3–$3.5 billion), and Canada ($1.2 billion). The value of global O&M services to the wind energy sector also continues to rise steadily. The global market for wind O&M services was estimated at $6.2–$7.2 billion in 2011, with Europe accounting for about half of that market. Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom collectively accounted for 85 percent of wind O&M services in Europe, reflecting their large installed base. Original equipment manufacturers that produce wind turbines are thought to account for the vast majority of O&M services provided globally, with smaller roles played by independent service providers and wind farm operators. Hydropower Energy Services The global market for services associated with all hydropower installations in 2010 was estimated at $72 billion. The global market for services related to small-capacity hydropower—less than 50 megawatts (MW)—is substantially smaller, and is estimated to account for less than 5 percent ($2.3 billion) of the broader market for hydropower installations of all sizes. The largest markets for services related to small hydropower projects were China, Brazil, Japan, and India. The value of services related to a particular small hydro power project varies significantly based on the characteristics of the site, and on whether the project represents new development or the addition of new capacity to an existing dam. xviPDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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