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CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose and Background Global investment in renewable energy has grown rapidly in the past five years as countries strive to meet growing energy demands, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen energy security. As a result, not only has demand for renewable energy equipment and related materials risen, so too has demand for the services required to develop, construct, and operate renewable energy facilities. These services, which span a range of industries including consulting, engineering, construction, and maintenance and repair of equipment, are broadly referred to in this report as “renewable energy services.” At present, there is very little literature on renewable energy services, and data on market size or trade activity are equally limited. However, services are becoming increasingly important in the renewable energy value chain as equipment manufacturers look to expand their offerings beyond goods1 and as independent service providers look to expand beyond their home markets. The United States and Europe are home to many of the world’s largest renewable energy service providers, since that is where much of the growth in renewable energy has been concentrated in recent years. However, economic conditions and other factors have slowed growth in these two markets, while renewable energy investments in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East are rising. As a result, U.S. and European firms are seeking to increase their presence in those markets, with mixed results. While the road to establishing business relationships and accessing the market is fairly straightforward in some economies, trade and investment barriers inhibit full participation in others. On July 30, 2012, the U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC), received a request from the United States Trade Representative (USTR) asking that the Commission conduct an investigation and provide a report that examines renewable energy services.2 In the request letter, the USTR noted that the Commission had provided a report on trade in this sector to the USTR in 2005 and asked that the Commission prepare a new report that would address recent developments in the renewable energy services sector. As requested by USTR, this report defines the types of renewable energy and related services, lists leading suppliers, and generally describes the relationship of renewable energy services to the development of renewable energy projects worldwide. Further, the report estimates the size of the U.S. and global markets for certain renewable energy services, identifies key export and import markets for such services, and examines factors affecting supply and demand. The report focuses on U.S. and global renewable energy 1 As wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) panel prices have fallen, manufacturers have elevated the importance of services in their business lines, since services may be more lucrative and, in the case of operations and maintenance, provide long-term revenue streams. 2 The USTR made this request under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930. In its request letter, the USTR also asked that the Commission conduct an investigation on environmental services. That report, Environmental and Related Services, USITC Publication 4389, was delivered to the USTR on March 29, 2013. 1-1PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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