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CHAPTER 2 Overview of the Markets for Renewable Energy and Renewable Energy Services Introduction This chapter provides a broad overview of the markets for renewable energy and renewable energy services. It gives information on and describes the size and growth of renewable energy markets, as well as investment in renewable energy worldwide. It also describes trends in policies supporting the development of renewable energy and in factors affecting the supply of and demand for renewable energy and renewable energy services. Very few data are available on either global or U.S. trade in renewable energy services, so it is difficult to ascertain how large this trade is or its growth rate. However, given that renewable energy services are indispensable to developing and maintaining renewable energy projects, the rapid growth in renewable energy investment and installed capacity worldwide implies a similarly vibrant global market for renewable energy services. Government policies have played a key role in the development of renewable energy in many economies, including the European Union (EU) and the United States, where both manufacturers and service providers for these technologies are well established. The EU and United States collectively account for roughly 60 percent of global capacity and investment in renewable energy.1 As a result, the two economies are likely the largest suppliers and consumers of renewable energy services. Countries that have experienced recent growth in installed renewable energy capacity, yet lack the domestic capacity to design and implement renewable energy projects, present an opportunity for U.S. exporters of renewable energy services. Even in countries that have the domestic capacity and expertise to provide renewable energy services, project developers may choose to import services from an international supplier based on cost, quality, or other needs. In this case, opportunities for U.S. exporters of renewable energy services may also exist in more mature markets. At the same time, forced localization measures, such as local-content requirements, can act as a barrier to trade in both technologies and services related to renewable energy. Relevant barriers to trade in services include restrictions on commercial presence and on the temporary movement of service providers; both hamper efforts by providers of renewable energy services to penetrate foreign markets. While recent multilateral efforts to address trade in services more broadly have gained some traction, similar efforts to specifically address barriers to trade in renewable energy services have largely stalled. By contrast, regional and bilateral efforts to reduce barriers to trade in renewable energy services have met with more success. These include commitments to address trade in environmental goods and services within the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). 1 BNEF database (accessed March 11, 2013). 2-1PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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