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Overview of Global and U.S. Renewable Energy Markets Global Market Renewable energy sources, including traditional biomass, geothermal energy, hydropower, and solar and wind power (box 2.1),2 accounted for 19 percent of global energy consumption in 2011.3 Traditional biomass, such as wood used for heating, accounted for a little over half of energy consumption from renewable sources in 2011, or 9.3 percent of global energy consumption (figure 2.1).4 Excluding traditional biomass, which is outside the scope of this report, renewable energy sources accounted for about 9.7 percent of global energy consumption in 2011, a slight uptick compared with previous years.5 Hydropower is the largest single source of renewable energy other than biomass, accounting for 3.7 percent of global energy consumption. All other renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, and geothermal sources, together accounted for about 6 percent of global energy consumption. Renewable energy sources can substitute for fossil fuels for electricity generation, heating and cooling, and transportation (e.g., biofuels for gasoline).6 Electricity is the fastest- growing segment of the global energy market, and renewables are the fastest-growing source of electricity, although from a relatively small base.7 In 2011, global renewable energy-generating capacity exceeded 1,360 gigawatts (GW), or more than 25 percent of total global electricity-generating capacity (5,360 GW in 2011).8 Hydropower is the largest source of electricity generation from renewable energy sources, accounting for about 15 percent of global electricity production.9 In comparison, fossil fuels account for about two-thirds of global electricity generation, while nuclear fuels account for about 8 percent. Global renewable energy capacity is growing quickly: it is estimated to have more than doubled to 653 GW between 2007 and 2012 (figure 2.2).10 Solar energy was the fastest- growing renewable energy, fueled by growth in solar installations in Europe (primarily in Germany, Italy, and Spain), China, and the United States, as noted in chapter 3. These five countries collectively accounted for nearly two-thirds (421 GW) of total global renewable energy capacity in 2012.11 Wind-generated power capacity surpassed small- capacity hydropower in 2010 to become the second-largest renewable energy source globally. The top countries with renewable power-generating capacity by sector are shown in table 2.1. Renewable energy capacity has grown substantially in other markets in recent years—although, again, capacity there has grown from a smaller base. Eastern 2 EIA, “What Is Renewable Energy?” (accessed January 30, 2013). 3 REN-21, Renewables 2013, 2013, 21. 4 Ibid. 5 EIA, International Energy Outlook 2011 (interactive table viewer, accessed March 25, 2013); REN-21, Renewables 2012, 2012, 21. 6 REN-21, Renewables 2012, 2012, 21. 7 EIA, International Energy Outlook 2011, 2011, 1, 4. 8 REN-21, Renewables 2012, 2012, 13. 9 REN-21, Renewables 2012, 2012, 23. Includes hydropower sources with capacities of 50 megawatts (MW) or more. 10 Global renewable energy capacity as reported by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) excludes hydropower sources with generating capacities of more than 50 MW. For more information on definitional issues related to renewable hydropower, see chapter 5 of this report. 11 BNEF database (accessed March 11, 2013). 2-2PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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