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Project Development, Construction, and Installation Services Project development refers to the comprehensive planning and engineering services3 provided for turnkey4 wind projects. Developers compete on price, as well as the ability to identify and obtain permits for a high-quality wind resource and then find an appropriate buyer. 5 Some wind energy developers focus specifically on early development, overseeing the services related to finding and evaluating a potential site, before selling the project to another (often larger) developer for the construction and installation phases.6 Although developers may have the ability to provide all the services required, they often retain only supervisory responsibility for most of them, which they contract out to firms that specialize in one or more of these functions. Decisions on which services to contract out are project specific and depend on factors such as location, demands of the project, and the developer’s own level of expertise and willingness to take on risk.7 Engineering services are vital throughout the life cycle of a wind farm. In early development, once a potential project site has been identified, wind analysis is performed (a process that takes anywhere from six months to three years)8 to calculate whether there is enough wind to make a potential project financially viable.9 Surface surveying services—i.e., geotechnical and geophysical evaluations—assess the land to determine its suitability for bearing heavy turbine foundations and access roads. These services are provided by both turbine manufacturers/OEMs10 and independent service providers (ISPs).11 The leading resource assessment firms, though, tend to be niche specialty companies, often seeking competitive advantage through proprietary software that creates complex computer models.12 Once a site has been selected, engineers begin project design, determining the optimal placement for all components, including wind turbines and building structures, as well as integrating the mechanical and electrical installations. Engineers may also provide advisory services and technical assistance throughout 3 A project developer typically is responsible for identifying a potential site; performing the necessary resource assessments; acquiring the necessary permits; negotiating land agreements; negotiating the power purchase agreement; securing financing; and overseeing site preparation and the installation and erection of the wind turbines, as well as the necessary supporting infrastructure. 4 A turnkey project is one in which one party (usually a developer) manages all stages from design through construction and commission, then sells the project to an owner/operator. Owner/operators retain ownership of a wind farm and are responsible for the day-to-day operation and maintenance of the facility. 5 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Washington, DC, January 25, 2013. 6 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Washington, DC, January 23, 2013. 7 In some cases, the degree of service provision varies across markets, with developers offering turnkey projects in one market but only limited services in another. Developers may solicit bids from local and international firms or may have established relationships with particular providers. Either way, developers award these subcontracts primarily based on price, as well as a number of other factors such as technical quality, experience, availability, and safety. Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 18, 2013; industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 28, 2013; industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 30, 2013. 8 During wind analysis, wind assessment specialists use data captured and transmitted from a potential site. Data typically begin to illustrate a trend after six months that indicates whether a project can move forward. Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Washington, DC, January 23, 2013. 9 Financing will be difficult to secure for a project unless it generates enough wind to produce a threshold internal rate of return. Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, January 18, 2013; AWEA, Wind Energy Siting Handbook, February 2008, 2-3; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, March 12, 2013; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Washington, DC, January 23, 2013. 10 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, January 23, 2013; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, October 23, 2012. 11 Specialized engineering firms, project developers, or large engineering, procurement, construction (EPC) firms. 12 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, October 23, 2012. 4-4PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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