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TABLE 4.5 Top 10 global wind energy project developers, based on projects commissioned in 2012 Home Capacity developed Ranking Company 1 China Datang Corp. 2 NextEra Energy Resources 3 Guohua Energy Investment Co. 4 China Huadian Corp. 5 China Longyuan Power Group Corp. 6 Gamesa Corp. Technológica SA 7 Iberdrola SA 8 Invenergy LLC 9 Caithness Energy LLC 10 China Huaneng Group Corp. Source: Data compiled by USITC from BNEF database (accessed April 2, 2013). country (MW) China United States China China China Spain Spain United States United States China 823 1,526 1,215 1,142 1,084 1,072 1,066 1,012 905 845 TABLE 4.6 Top 5 international wind energy contractors, based on export revenue from wind energy construction, 2011 Rank Company 1 Fluor Corp 2 Mortenson Construction 3 Iberdrola Ingeniería y Construcción SA 4 Van Oord NV 5 Balfour Beatty PLC Source: ENR, ENR Global Sourcebook 2012, December 10, 2012. Note: Export revenue is defined as revenue generated from projects outside each firm’s home market. O&M Services Since 2007, the most striking trend in the global O&M market has been the rise in competition, which has created a buyer’s market with lower costs and longer contract durations.119 For example, Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) found that between 2008 and 2012, the price of full-service O&M contracts fell 38 percent, while the length of the average full-service O&M contract offered by OEMs increased from 4.5 years to 6.9 years. 120 Prices and contract length vary regionally due to factors such as the degree of competition within a market, labor costs, and the size of wind projects.121 In China, where excess production capacity has created a surplus of wind turbines and created intense competition among manufacturers, wind project developers frequently demand warranty periods of up to 10 or even 20 years.122 Higher labor costs are frequently cited as the driver of O&M costs in Europe, and are also likely a factor behind higher-than- average costs in emerging markets such as Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa.123 O&M costs are lowest in the U.S. market, which enjoys lower labor costs than Europe, large projects that allow service providers to capture economies of scale, and strong competition that is due in part to the prevalence of in-house maintenance by large owner/operators.124 However, despite falling prices, the global O&M market continues to grow as installed capacity rises. 119 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 28, 2013. 120 BNEF, “Operations and Maintenance Price Index,” October 23, 2012. 121 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 28, 2013. 122 Qi, “China’s Service Market Grows as Installations Fall,” July 1, 2012. 123 BNEF, “Operations and Maintenance Price Index,” October 23, 2012. 124 Ibid. Home country United States United States Spain 132.7 Netherlands 61.7 UK 26.6 Wind export revenue (millions $) 330.9 212.7 4-21PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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