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Many firms provide O&M services in the global market. Leading providers include OEMs such as Enercon, Siemens, and Vestas, as well as ISPs—particularly large wind farm operators that provide in-house maintenance, such as Iberdrola.125 O&M services markets vary substantially across countries. Compared to the United States, Europe tends to have smaller wind farms held by smaller owners typically not capable of providing their own O&M services. As a result, many of the European Union (EU) markets for O&M are dominated by OEMs and ISPs offering long-term service agreements.126 For example, Germany’s market is reportedly dominated by full-service contracts from OEMs, such as Enercon.127 However, in markets with significant ownership by large operators and utilities, such as Acciona Energia and EDP Renováveis (EDPR) in Spain, there is a larger share of in-house maintenance supported by ISPs.128 Similarly, in China—where over half of wind projects are developed by state-owned power groups— the majority of O&M services are performed in-house.129 With competition sharpening in the global O&M market, acquisitions of O&M service providers have increased as a growing number of firms seek to expand their service offerings and enter the O&M market. Similar to the trend in the United States, where utilities and operators have acquired wind energy service firms in order to self-perform maintenance, China’s large state-owned utilities (which develop more than half of China’s new wind projects) each have their own O&M groups.130 In addition to this growing interest in self-performed maintenance by owners, component providers and other firms in the supply chain are increasingly acquiring service firms in an effort to offer specialized services.131 In 2012, UK-based crane operator Ainscough entered the wind installation and maintenance market by acquiring Windcon, a UK-based provider of wind turbine erection and maintenance services.132 A U.S. bearing manufacturer, Timken Co., similarly sought to diversify its services and enter the repair and maintenance market by acquiring a U.S. turbine maintenance company, Wazee, in early 2013.133 Trade and Investment Data on U.S. and global trade in wind energy services are unavailable. Trade in wind energy services occurs predominately through commercial establishment (mode 3), with limited services provided cross-border (mode 1) or through movement of natural persons (mode 4).134 The nature of wind energy services typically requires proximity to a project site, making remote provision difficult, if not impossible, for most services. However, certain technology-enabled services, such as wind resource assessment and remote monitoring of operations, are not location dependent and are increasingly provided cross- border. As a result, some wind service firms seeking to expand their global presence are diversifying by offering these services. One example is U.S. EPC firm Black & Veatch, which does not provide EPC contracting outside the United States, but does offer resource modeling and analysis services. 135 On the other hand, many industry 125 Ibid. 126 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 22, 2013. 127 BNEF, “Operations and Maintenance Price Index,” October 23, 2012. 128 Ibid. 129 Qi, “China’s Service Market Grows as Installations Fall,” July 1, 2012. 130 Ibid. 131 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 22, 2013. 132 North, “Ainscough Completes Windcon Deal,” October 24, 2012. 133 Schoenberger, “Timken Buys Wazee Companies,” January 2, 2013. 134 Types of services trade are discussed in more detail in chapter 1. 135 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, March 12, 2013. 4-22PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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