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representatives interviewed for this study emphasized the importance of local presence, and service firms often establish a commercial presence even for services that could be provided cross-border.136 For instance, wind consultant GL Garrad Hassan, the global leader in wind resource assessment, has offices around the world in an effort to offer market-specific knowledge and support.137 Imports and Exports The United States is a net importer of wind energy services, as many of the largest wind energy services firms in the United States are subsidiaries of foreign multinationals. GE is the leading supplier of turbines in the U.S. market and accounted for 38 percent of installations in 2012. However, only one of the other top 10 turbine suppliers in 2012 was a U.S.-based firm.138 Similarly, some of the largest project developers in the United States are also U.S. subsidiaries of foreign parent firms (see table 4.2). In 2012, about one-third of newly installed wind capacity was developed by U.S. affiliates of foreign firms.139 Development, construction, and O&M services provided by these firms to U.S. customers are considered to be imports in the form of affiliate sales (services provided by U.S. affiliates of foreign firms). U.S. wind service firms, on the other hand, have a smaller global presence than some of the largest European multinational firms discussed above, and as a result, U.S. exports likely account for a smaller share of global exports of wind services than EU exports. Industry representatives indicate that a number of U.S. firms provide resource assessment services overseas.140 For instance, AWS Truepower, which has been active in the Caribbean and Central America.141 The largest U.S. project developers and EPC firms also operate internationally, particularly in Canada. Canada is likely the largest export market for U.S. wind services. NextEra Energy Resources and Invenergy, which are U.S.-based, are both active in the Canadian market; U.S. EPC firm Mortenson Construction generates over 99 percent of its international revenue from wind operations in Canada.142 U.S. wind services firms are reportedly attracted to the Canadian market due to its geographic closeness as well as the opportunities offered by significant planned MW capacity.143 Other attractive markets for U.S.-based service providers include Mexico and other countries in Latin America, 136 Industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 18, 2013; industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 30, 2013; industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, January 28, 2013; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, São Paulo, Brazil, May 10, 2013. 137 GL Garrad Hassan website, http://www.gl-garradhassan.com (accessed April 3, 2013). 138 The only other U.S.-based firm in the top 10 was Clipper, which accounted for 1.5 percent of installations. The top 5 firms, other than GE, are Siemens (Germany, 20 percent of installations), Vestas (Denmark, 14 percent), Gamesa (Spain, 10 percent), and REpower/Suzlon (India, 6 percent). Siemens, Vestas, and Gamesa all manufacture nacelles and blades in the United States; Vestas also produces towers in the United States. REpower is Suzlon’s German-based subsidiary. AWEA, “AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual,” May 2013, 2. For a list of nacelle and blade plants in the United States as of March 2012, see David and Fravel, “U.S. Wind Turbine Export Opportunities,” July 2012, 7. 139 USITC calculations using data from BNEF database (accessed April 4, 2013). 140 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Washington, DC, January 23, 2013. 141 Ibid. 142 USITC calculations using data from BNEF database (accessed April 4, 2013) and ENR Global Sourcebook 2012, December 10, 2012, 18, 47. Mortenson Construction website, http://www.mortenson.com/INdustry_RenewableEnergy.aspx (accessed April 4, 2013). 143 Wind Power Monthly, “Balancing Act for Hard Pressed Supply Chain,” August 2011; industry representative, telephone interview by USITC staff, February 8, 2013. 4-23PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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