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developer, China Longyuan Power Group, purchased equity shares in an Ontario wind farm, and in 2010, EDP Renewables North America (the regional subsidiary of Spain- based EDPR) acquired new projects in Ontario.188 China China’s wind energy industry has experienced tremendous growth over the past five years.189 Despite having less than 6 GW of installed wind energy capacity in 2007, China’s installed capacity reached 75 GW by the end of 2012―overtaking both the United States and Germany.190 However, the Chinese market faces a number of challenges.191 The rapid expansion has created problems that have begun to moderate growth in annual installations: China has seen 26 percent fewer installations in 2012 than in 2011.192 Factors in this trend reportedly include revised procedures for project approval by the National Energy Administration, which have delayed project commissioning; issues related to grid connection and curtailment of new wind projects;193 delayed payments from the government; a general slowdown in China’s economic growth (particularly in the industrial sector); and a decline in electricity consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP).194 China’s wind energy services market is viewed as highly competitive, with the expansion of the wind energy industry driven largely by new project development carried out by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), with limited participation by OEMs or smaller ISPs.195 Overall, SOEs undertake the bulk of investment in and construction of new farms, accounting for over 80 percent of installed capacity in 2012.196 These groups typically provide all wind energy services in-house, from the design and construction of a project to the design and installation of turbines to O&M services.197 188 Xinhua.net, “China’s Largest Wind Power Developer,” July 13, 2011; Bailey, “Building Boom Draws In Global Players,” October 1, 2012. 189 From 2008 through 2012, installed capacity grew at a compound annual rate of 58 percent. USITC calculations using data from GWEC, Global Wind 2012 Report, April 2013, 30. 190 From 2008 through 2011, installed capacity grew at a compound annual rate of 73 percent. USITC calculations using data from GWEC, Global Wind 2012 Report, April 2013, 30. 191 At the end of 2012, only 50 GW of wind energy capacity was connected to the grid. Johnston, “China Reaches 50 GW,” February 21, 2013. 192 Annual installations in 2012 totaled 12,960 MW, compared to 17,631 in 2011. USITC calculations using data from GWEC, Global Wind Report 2012, April 2013, 31. 193 Curtailment reportedly cost the Chinese wind energy industry $1.6 billion (10 billion yuan) in 2012, as wind energy expansion was reined in. This curtailment was largely due to insufficient grid infrastructure, but also in order to allow thermal and nuclear power to meet quotas. Qi, “China’s Wind Sector Lost $1.6 Billion,” January 25, 2013; Qi, “Debt Hampers Chinese Wind,” May 2013, 29. 194 Although China’s overall consumption of energy rose nearly 4 percent in 2012, it fell by 3.6 percent per unit of GDP. Associated Free Press, “China Energy Consumption Rises 3.9% in 2012,” February 23, 2013; GWEC, Global Wind Report 2012, April 2013, 31; Qi, “Debt Hampers Chinese Wind,” May 2013, 29; ChinaDaily.com, “China’s GDP Growth Eases to 7.8%,” January 18, 2013; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Beijing, May 16, 2013; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Beijing, May 17, 2013. 195 From 2006 through 2010, nearly 90 percent of Chinese wind power projects were invested, constructed and completed by state-owned enterprises. GWEC, 2012 China Wind Energy Outlook, 2012, 41; industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Beijing, May 16, 2013. 196 Xinhuanet.com, “SOEs dominate China’s Wind Power Projects,” April 10, 2013; Navigant Research, World Market Update 2012, March 2013, 28. 197 Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Beijing, May 16, 2013. Turbine manufacturers provide maintenance services during a short warranty period (two years is standard, but Chinese OEMs tend to throw in additional years for free). All services connected with design and installation of turbines are provided by the customer. Industry representative, interview by USITC staff, Beijing, May 16, 2013. 4-29PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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