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BOX 5.2 Renewable energy from marine and hydrokinetic power Besides classic hydropower electricity generation, FERC also regulates projects using an emerging technology called marine and hydrokinetic power (MHK). MHK generates electricity from three types of sources: ocean tides, waves, and current; temperature gradients in the ocean; and free-flowing rivers and streams, but without using dams or barrages, as in traditional hydropower projects. As of March 2013, FERC has issued one MHK commercial license, for the Reedsport OPT Wave Park in Oregon, and three pilot licenses. The pilot license process was developed in 2008 specifically to test the emerging MHK technology. Pilot licenses are issued for 10 years, and are initiated by a draft application with appropriate environmental analysis. All pilots must be small, short-term, removable projects located in an environmentally non- sensitive area. Licensees must be able to shut them down on short notice, and must remove them and restore the site before the end of the license term unless they obtain a new license. The first pilot license for a tidal energy project was issued for Verdant Power’s 1 MW-rated MHK project in New York’s East River. As of March 2013, FERC had also issued 100 preliminary MHK permits (see table), which authorize permit holders to maintain rights to a particular site while conducting feasibility studies and before applying for a license. Most of the inland projects are located on the Mississippi River, with a few in the Great Lakes. The tidal projects are located in the Northeastern states, Washington state, and Alaska, while the wave permits are located in California, Oregon, and Alaska. Summary of FERC preliminary permits for MHK power projects Number of permits Tidal 22 Wave 5 Inland 73 T otal 100 Source: FERC, “Issued HydroKinetic Preliminary Permits,” n.d. Capacity (MW) 171.1 3,290.0 6,754.7 10,215.8 Many services relevant to hydropower will also be relevant to MHK electricity projects, including engineering consulting and advising, environmental and engineering analysis, and legal and management consulting services. In addition, because MHK technology is so new, there is a relatively undeveloped market for resource assessment services to inform investors about the energy extraction potential of a particular water resource, along with environmental and economic aspects of a particular site. If this technology develops and becomes more widely used, U.S. firms that develop expertise in such resource assessment services are likely to generate additional market potential in related site development services and equipment sales, both for domestic sales and for exports. Sources: FERC, “FERC Issues First Pilot License,” January 23, 2012; Taylor, written submission to the Commission, March 1, 2013. TABLE 5.4 Leading U.S. hydropower design firms and contractors, 2012 Design firms Hydroplant revenue (million $) 182.7 70.0 68.0 HDR 48.5 AMEC 33.1 Source: ENR, “The Top Contractors in Power,” September 2012. Construction firms Hydroplant revenue Company Kiewit 414.0 The Walsh Group 152.5 PCL Construction Enterprises 48.8 The Shaw Group 35.3 Company Aecom T echnology T etra T ech MWH Global (million $) The Cianbro Cos. 17, 2012; ENR, “The Top Design Firms in Power,” July 2, 7.2 5-10PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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