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India, Indonesia, Peru, and Tajikistan) account for about two-thirds of global long-term hydropower potential, with emerging markets expected to supply the largest share of the growth.48 In addition to new construction, many existing hydropower plants could increase their capacity by 5–20 percent by installing new and more efficient turbines. Refurbishment projects are often easier to carry out, for both technical and social reasons, and are completed faster than new plants.49 Trade and Investment Imports and Exports Data on U.S. trade in services related to hydropower generation are not available.50 However, it is likely that services constitute the biggest part of the hydropower industry, and with an increasing number of firms developing projects in foreign markets, services trade may outpace hydropower equipment trade. Independent power producers (IPPs) are the principal owners and developers of small hydropower projects; the development of large hydropower plants is generally a utility- or state-led effort.51 Globally, Canada-based Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners is the largest IPP owner of small hydropower assets, controlling 103 U.S. projects in 11 states, for a total of 1,966 MW of capacity. Brookfield also owns other large and small hydropower assets in Canada and Brazil. In March 2013, the company completed the acquisition of 19 existing hydropower projects and eight upstream storage reservoirs in Maine and New Hampshire, collectively valued at about $760 million and with 351 MW of hydroelectric generating capacity. The acquisitions will bring Brookfield’s assets in New England to nearly 1,300 MW of installed hydropower capacity. Table 5.8 presents the leading international design and construction firms in hydropower for 2012, by revenue. Many of these companies have global subsidiaries that perform work in a variety of countries. Chinese firms are prominent on both lists, consistent with China’s adding more hydropower capacity than any other country in recent years. Three U.S.-based firms are among the top hydropower designers (Aecom Technology, Tetra Tech, and MWH Global). Kiewit Corporation is the only U.S.-based firm among the top 10 hydropower contractors. According to one industry representative, the global market leaders in hydroelectric turbine manufacturing, in order of market share, are Voith (Germany), Alstom (France), Andritz (Austria), Dongfang Electric (China), and Toshiba (Japan). The five companies together represent two-thirds of the global market, with Voith and Alstom each accounting for slightly less than 20 percent of the total.52 Firms around the world reported 48 IEA, 2012 Hydropower Roadmap, 2012, 18–20; IEA, Renewable Energy: Markets and Prospects by Technology, 2011, 28–30. 49 IEA, Renewable Energy: Markets and Prospects by Technology, 2011, 28–30. 50 However, U.S. exports of hydroelectricity were $83.3 million in 2012, primarily to Canada, and imports were $1.8 billion, again mostly from Canada. The U.S. and Canadian electricity transmission systems are closely interconnected along the border, and Canada generates significantly more hydropower than it can use. Smith, “Hydroelectric Power in the U.S.,” July 2012, 4; industry representative, telephone interview with USITC staff, March 14, 2013. 51 HydroWorld.com, “Brookfield Renewable Completes Acquisition,” March 5, 2013; BNEF, Sustainable Energy in America 2013 Factbook, January 2013, 39–40. 52 Industry representative, interview with USITC staff, Tokyo, May 10, 2013. 5-17PDF Image | Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
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