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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING

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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING ( renewables-for-heating-and-cooling )

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Inregionswithgoodsolarradiationlevels,governmentsshouldconsidermakingsolarwaterheaters mandatory on all new buildings with limited exemptions, as is the case in Spain where, for relatively low government expenditure, installed capacity doubled in 3 to 4 years. Such mandatory regulations could be widened to include other REHC technologies to allow for least cost applications depending on the local resources available. In countries where the use of REHC technologies is still very limited or at the early market stage, an initial policy objective should be to move them to mass market deployment leading to high penetration rates and sharp cost reductions. Policies should be designed to provide greater incentives for the better performing, more efficient designs of appliances. Incountrieswherealackofawareness,shortageofskilledtradespeopleordifficultiesgainingalocal planning consent are a significant barrier to mass deployment of REHC technologies, governments should consider how these can be eased. Solar cooling technologies remain comparatively expensive at present and although commercially available, are likely to remain uneconomic in the future without considerable further R D & D investment. Obtaining the greatest increase in REHC for the lowest societal cost ($ government investment /GJ heat generated) should be the goal, but also taking into account all potential co-benefits including security of energy supply, greenhouse gas reduction, industry development, employment, improved health etc. While the most appropriate policies will vary from country to country, the evidence suggests that a comprehensive package can be the most effective. The mix of measures could include financial incentives, certification, labeling, and minimum performance standards, as well as guidance, public information and training of trades people and installers. Governmentsarerecommendedtoreviewtheirnationalpoliciesforrenewableheatingandcooling in the light of these findings and to consider how they can best promote these technologies. This is especially important for countries with demanding CO2 savings and renewable energy targets. Further analysis Governments are encouraged to improve the accuracy of their national data collection relating to heat supply in order to better inform development of policies. More analytical studies are needed to develop indicators that more accurately assess the cost effectiveness of individual policies and identify opportunities with the greatest impacts. 17

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