RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING

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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING ( renewables-for-heating-and-cooling )

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In energy supply systems, primary energy from fossil fuels, nuclear and renewables is converted to energy carriers (heat, electricity, transport fuels) that are then consumed to meet end-use energy services. This energy conversion process from primary to consumer energy involves unavoidable transformation and distribution losses that decrease the overall efficiency of the energy system (Figure 1). Continued economic development will increase future consumer demand but this can be offset to some degree by improved energy efficiency measures (arrows in column on the right). Conversely growing environmental and energy security concerns can contribute to a shift towards REHC. This report concentrates on the consumer end-use heat and cold supplied from renewable energy today (third column from left) and the potential to increase this supply in the future and thereby displace fossil fuels to some degree (column on the right). Figure 1 Representation of the present energy system (left three columns) and the potential for transition to a more efficient energy system in the future (right column) as economic development occurs. (Indicative and not to scale) Present total primary energy supply (TPES) EJ Economic development Consumer end-use energy EJ Heat Electricity Cold Transport A more energy efficient future EJ Losses during transformation & distribution EJ Electricity Transport Conversion losses 21 Heat Renewable Fossil & nuclear Energy efficiency & conservation measures reduce projected demand. Energy demand growth needed to be met after efficiency reduction. As global demand for energy services increases over time, growth in supply will be counter-acted by more energy efficiency and conservation measures. However, overall the global demand for heat and cold is expected to increase. To meet this demand, REHC could achieve an increased share of the total world energy supply during the next several decades, thus reducing the share of fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Several factors can influence the overall performance of a heating and cooling energy system. Energyconservationandefficientenergyusecanreducefutureenergydemandgrowthsignificantly, and thus improve environmental protection and energy security.

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