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26 Merit order of REHC options Temperature is an indication of the ‘value’ of heat as classified by high (over 250°C), medium (between 80°C and 250°C) and low (below 80°C)1. When a certain amount of heat needed for a low temperature energy service (for example space heating) is supplied from high value, high temperature heat, the “quality” (or exergy) of the energy is irreversibly lost. As a consequence, the higher quality energy does not present its maximum possible effect in the energy system. Heating To use renewable heat most efficiently from a quality perspective it is possible to set up a merit order of preference, although this may often differ from an economic point of view. 1. Energyefficiencyandconservationoptionsinbuildingsandindustrysectors. 2. Passivesolarheatingbuildingdesigns(Box4). 3. Solarthermalorgeothermalwheresufficientresourcesexist. 4. Geothermalheatpumpswherepossible,preferablypoweredbyrenewableelectricity. 5. Biomass in integrated bioenergy systems for cogeneration of electricity and heat (combined heat and power, CHP) where there is a heat demand (and also the tri-generation of cold). 6. Biomasscombustion,incinerationandanaerobicdigestionwiththebiogasusedforheat only production. Note that in all the preference options for heat demand, residual heat from thermal power plants etc could also be a source as it is often abundantly available at low cost. The heat demand however needs to be located reasonably close to the heat source (up to several kms maximum) for practical uptake. Cooling Based on similar considerations the following merit order of preferred cooling technologies emerges. 1. Energyefficiencyandconservationoptionsinbuildingsandindustrysectors. 2. Passivecoolingoptionse.g.passivebuildingdesignmeasures,summernightventilationwithoutthe need for auxiliary energy. 3. Passivecoolingoptionsusingauxiliaryenergy,e.g.coolingtowers,desiccantcooling,aquifers. 4. Solar-assisted,CSPorshallowgeothermalalldrivingactivecoolingsystems. 5. Biomassintegratedsystemstoproducecold(possiblyastri-generation). 6. Activecompressioncoolingandrefrigerationpoweredbyrenewableelectricity. 1. As defined in IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Task 33 (http://www.iea-shc.org/task33).PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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