PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 037
and are also often exempted from sales taxes. These price differentials lead to REHC technologies competing in, for example, households better than in the industrial sector. Table 4 Suitability of renewable energy resources to meet various categories and scales of heating and cooling applications Application Solar thermal Solid biomass Biogas* Biomass from waste Shallow geothermal Deep geothermal Dwellings x x (x) x Settlements (district heating) xxxxxx Commerce and service x x x x Agriculture x x x x x x * Biogas for cooking is produced at the micro-scale in developing countries using domestic and animal wastes. At the other extreme using large scale plants scrubbed biogas can be fed into gas grid pipelines. Neither of these options is considered in detail in this report. Each conventional energy carrier has its own price range (Table 5) so substitution opportunities using renewable energy vary widely. For example, electricity is a relatively high-priced energy carrier whereas fuel oil, especially when used in oil-producing countries, has been relatively cheap. Cost effective opportunities for REHC are therefore greater when substituting for electricity rather than for fuel oil. The price of the energy carrier is determined by the primary fuel cost plus transportation and distribution costs and any excise taxes imposed by governments. In remote regions where energy is provided from diesel fuel or bottles of liquified petroleum gas (LPG), the use of local renewable energy can add value by avoiding the relatively high transport costs. Traditional biomass used for basic cooking and heating is usually locally available at very low cost but is converted to heat at very low efficiencies of less than 10% on open fires. Using a more efficient enclosed cooking or heating appliance with a flue can reduce the fuel input and also add value from improved health benefits. However investment costs for such appliances, even if very simple, are often difficult to meet for the very poor. Table 5 Real and indexed electricity, gas and light fuel oil prices (average values for OECD countries) when delivered to industry or households 35 Industry x x x x x Real prices Indexed prices Industry Households Industry Households Natural gas USD/GJ €/MWh 3.8 11.0 8.4 24.3 100 220 Electricity USD/kWh €/MWh 0.06 0.10 48.0 80.0 100 167 Light fuel oil USD/toe €/MWh 279 19.2 423 29.1 100 152 Source: IEA, 2006c (2002 data chosen for consistency). 1 USD = € 0.8 (2006) Successful competition of REHC options are dependent on the cost of delivering heating and cooling, the energy prices paid in each demand sector, on the fuel type to be substituted and its costs. HoweverPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
PDF Search Title:
RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLINGOriginal File Name Searched:
renewable_heating_cooling_final_web.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)