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RD&D for storage technologies Thermal energy storage is important for heating and cooling especially for solar thermal due to its variable characteristics but also for bioenergy. Solar thermal applications would gain from improved storage possibilities both in the medium and longer term. Therefore heat storage is considered the key technology for the future success of REHC (Rantil, 2006). Currently obtaining materials and components that allow a three times smaller storage volume than water for the same amount of heat stored would be a rewarding research goal. Possible applications are ice storage and heat storage in aquifers. New technologies need to be developed not only for seasonal, but also for short term storage, especially for solar heating and cooling which is characterized by more variable production patterns than biomass or geothermal options. In summary At the energy system level, considerable synergies exist between energy saving, renewable energy technologies and efficient heat and cold generation. Uptake of energy efficiency opportunities are crucial to maximise the share of REHC demands. A wide range of heating technologies are available at large and small scales ranging from district heating schemes to geothermal heat pumps. Several solar thermal, biomass and geothermal technologies are cost-competitive and available on the market with others at various stages of early development. Many technologies have good potential to replace conventional fossil fuels used for heating. Industrial process heat applications offer important potentials in global heat markets because industrial energy is a significant part of total energy use. Renewable cooling is less mature than renewable heating – perhaps with the exception of passive solar cooling. Shallow geothermal cooling is gaining increased application. Active solar cooling technologies are proven, but still in the development stage. Heat from deep geothermal resources or biomass can seldom be practically used for cooling purposes, although similar cooling technologies can be applied. REHC technologies bring environmental and social benefits from energy supply security, climate change mitigation and improved health. Detailed cost-benefit analyses would be useful with such co-benefits further quantified. Increased RD&D investment in REHC technologies has good potential for cost reductions to increase competitiveness against fossil fuel technologies. Over recent decades in spite of considerable technological and economic progress, some markets remain relatively small and widely diversified. The primary aim should be to move more REHC technologies from early markets into mass markets. District heating and cooling systems can contribute to increased uptake of the use of REHC. 43PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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