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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING

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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING ( renewables-for-heating-and-cooling )

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When market development is expressed on a per capita basis, the rankings change drastically with small, hot countries such as Cyprus and Israel becoming the leaders (Figure 14). This is mainly due to their good solar resource conditions and high competing conventional energy prices but also due to successful policies. The relatively high rankings of higher latitude Austria, Germany and Denmark confirm that solar resource availability might not always be the most important factor if strong supporting policies to encourage deployment are in place. To illustrate the importance of supporting policies, it can be noted that the comparatively small country of Israel at around 30 degrees latitude has more solar thermal capacity installed than Brazil, with a much larger population and located at lower latitudes just south of the equator. Figure 14 Total installed capacity of glazed flat plate and evacuated tube water collectors in December 2005 per 1 000 inhabitants 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 47 Total capacity per 1 000 inhabitants (kWth) Source: SHC, 2007. Note: Cyprus and Israel data is not shown in full on the graph due to scaling factors. In the US, unglazed plastic flat plate collectors for swimming pool heating dominate the scene whereas the installed capacities in China are mainly for evacuated tubes whereas in Turkey, Germany, Japan, Israel etc. mainly glazed flat plate collectors are installed (Figure 15). Growth in annual installed capacity of glazed flat plate and evacuated tubes has occurred in most regions (Figure 16). Solar thermal hot water systems are generally more competitive in sunny regions but this picture changes for space heating due to its usually higher overall heating load. In colder regions capital costs can be spread over a longer heating season and solar thermal can then become more competitive (IEA, 2006c). There are only a few concentrating solar heat applications in operation at present so they are not included in the data presented here. Cyprus Israel Austria Barbados Greece Turkey Australia Germany Denmark Taiwan China Japan Slovenia Switzerland Malta Luxembourg Portugal Sweden New Zealand Netherlands Spain Brazil Tunisia France* Slovak Rep. Albania Italy United States Macedonia Belgium Czech Rep. South Africa Hungary UK Poland Mexico Norway Canada Ireland Finland Lativa India Namibia Lithuania Estonia 657 498 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 0.80 0.79 0.50 0.44 0.43 20 19 17 15 13 12 38 35 33 56 42 41 40 38 86 59 192 205 200

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