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Figure 21 Annual utilization of geothermal heat by country Utilization (TJ / year) 10 000 100 1 Source: Lund et al., 2005. Figure 22 Uses of geothermal energy for heating purposes 52 Geothermal heat pumps 32% Space heating 20% Greenhouse heating 8% Aquaculture pond heating 4% Agricultural drying 1% Industrial uses 4% Bathing and swimming 30% Cooling / snow melting 1% Others >1% Source: GIA, 2006. Geothermal heat pumps were used in 33 countries in 2005 having risen from 26 countries in 2000 with a 3 fold increase in installed capacity (Lund et al., 2005) (Figure 23). The corresponding heat utilization increase was estimated to be almost 4 fold. Geothermal heat pumps have been taken up quickly in some markets (e.g. Sweden, US, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland, Canada) and very slowly or not at all in others even where good resources are evident (e.g. Turkey, New Zealand) (Rybach, 2006) (Figure 24). Challenges and barriers Information and dissemination Lack of awareness is a general problem for the greater uptake of REHC technologies. It is why they are often not taken into account in municipal planning or in private building investments (IEA, 2007b). Appropriate labelling of REHC appliances could help to overcome this information barrier (Maniatis, 2006). China Sweden United States Turkey Iceland Japan Hungary Italy New Zealand Brazil Georgia Russia France Denmark Switzerland Norway Slovak Rep. Australia Germany Romania Canada Algeria Serbia Austria Israel Finland Mexico Bulgaria India Jordan Czech Rep. Poland Iran Slovenia Netherlands Croatia Argentina Macadonia Greece Lithuania Belgium Portugal Spain Columbia Tunisia Mongolia Rep. of Korea Chile Ukraine Ireland Ecuador Vietnam Thailand KenyaPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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