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Table 6 Typical fuel prices for delivered energy from fuel oil, gas and electricity used for heating by industry and residential building sectors allowing for losses through conversion efficiencies but excluding investment and depreciation costs Electricity 100% 100% 13.7 22.2 Source: Prices from IEA, 2006g. Conversion factors from Ecoheatcool, 2006. Figure 25 Cost breakdowns and ranges (excluding VAT) in 2005 for a selection of REHC systems compared with the reference energy price range (shaded bar) for gas, fuel oil and electricity heat energy carriers for the domestic (top of range bar) and industrial (bottom) sectors Conversion efficiencies of energy carrier to heat Comparative prices for delivered heat energy €/GJ Industry Buildings Industry Buildings Natural gas 90% 85% 3.4 7.9 Fuel oil 85% 78% 6.3 10.4 150 100 50 0 2005€/GJ 230 310 O&M Auxiliary energy Fuel Investment 56 Solar thermal heating Solar thermal cooling Biomass pellet heating Biomass CHP Biomass anaerobic digestion CHP Biomass waste-to- energy CHP Deep Deep geothermal geothermal conventional advanced (partlyCHP) CHP Shallow geothermal (heat only) Shallow geothermal heating and Shallow geothermal heating and Notes: The conventional energy carrier costs are only based on fuel costs and conversion losses because investment and depreciation costs of appliances per GJ of heat are relatively small. Neither reference system nor avoided costs due to fuel savings are incorporated. Installation costs are included but heat distribution costs and costs allocated to electricity generation for CHP technologies are not. Details on cost assumptions are given in Annex A. Biomass and deep geothermal technologies are the most cost competitive for heating applications. Solar water heating costs can be competitive under certain conditions (as shown by the range bar). Shallow geothermal technologies applied for both heating in winter and cooling in summer can be cost- competitive when evaluated on a life-cycle cost basis, whereas solar assisted cooling has the greatest cost gap. cooling:heat cooling:coldPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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