Storage, Transformation and Upgrading of Thermal Energy

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Storage, Transformation and Upgrading of Thermal Energy ( storage-transformation-and-upgrading-thermal-energy )

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Brine Turbine Primary Heat Exchanger Pump Air Cooled Condenser Accumulator Figure 10. Supercritical Propane Cycle Fed by Geothermally Heated Natural Gas Brine. Supercritical CO2 Power Application The supercritical CO2 cycle is one which is arguably a Brayton cycle rather than a Rankine cycle. CO2 has a critical pressure of approximately 1057 psia and a critical temperature of approximately 88 oF (305 K). Because the critical temperature is achievable during normal operating conditions, it is feasible to run along the gas/vapor boundary between the turbine outlet and the compressor inlet; thus allowing the system to maximize the work that can be extracted from the coolant. For this reason, the supercritical CO2 cycle will be considered in this paper. A basic system diagram is shown in Figure 11, page 9, and corresponding system temperatures and pressures in table 2, page 9. One of the Generation IV nuclear plant designs is a supercritical CO2 cycle. This design operates at similar temperature and pressure as the SCWR. The outlet temperature is approximately 1020 oF (820 K) and the exit pressure is 2900 psia [9]. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is about 45% but due to the enhanced heat transfer properties of CO2, the components can be made smaller and thereby reduce component costs by up to 18% compared to conventional BWR and PWR plants [9]. Also of interest, the density of CO2 increases and compressibility decreases substantially as it approaches the critical point. This property both reduces the work required to be performed by the compressor and reduces the footprint of the physical component, thus improving efficiency and component cost. An example of the conceptual size difference can be seen in Figure 12, page 9. Additionally, this system has reactor inlet temperatures of approximately 745 oF (670 K), which leads to temperature differentials of about 275 oF (410 K) [9]. While the conditions in the supercritical CO2 cycle are not as extreme as those in the SCWR, they are sufficient to warrant extensive SCC tests, especially where CO2 is potentially more corrosive than water at the nominal operating temperatures. --

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