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Figure 2.9 Absorption chilling The payback period for a system with heat integration and absorption chilling as a function of electricity price. For assumptions, see www.alfalaval.com/waste-heat-recovery. Pay back period (years) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 Pay back period (revamp) years 60 80 100 120 140 Electricity price (EUR/MWh) Pay back period new plant (reduced capex conventional chiller) Coastal Aruba Refining Company, Aruba Example In 2008 Alfa Laval supervised a thesis from Lund University where waste-heat powered absorption chilling was studied. Assuming there is a high need for chiller capacity and good supply of low-temperature waste heat, absorption chillers proved to be a profitable investment, both when replacing existing chillers and in new plants. Heat pumps and mechanical vapour recompression (MVR) Heat pumps and MVRs are used when the temperature of the waste heat stream is too low to be used for heat recovery. Both heat pumps and MVRs raise the temperature of the waste heat, but require an input of electricity or mechanical work (for driving a compressor). However, electrical energy is usually only a fraction, typically 25%, of the amount of heat energy that can be upgraded to higher temperatures. Waste heat to pure water In areas where pure water is a scarce resource, recovered waste heat can be used for producing demineralised water. This application is especially interesting if planning a new installation, since an evaporative desalination system will have minimal operating costs. It is often possible to cut life-cycle costs of water by 50% to 75% compared to a reverse osmosis system. 28 The Coastal Aruba refinery uses an Alfa Laval desali- Process water from the ocean nation system to generate fresh water from seawater. Coastal Aruba Refining Company N.V. Case story On the Caribbean island of Aruba, off the coast of Venezuela, sea water – and the recreational opportunities it provides – plays a major role in a tourist industry that attracts more than 540,000 tourists every year and employs more than half the population. By contrast, the island’s second-largest industry is oil refining – processing crude oil from all over the world. This depends heavily on the availability of a good supply of clean, pure fresh water from which to produce the steam needed for many To meet its needs for large quantities of process water, the Aruba refinery installed an Alfa Laval plate-based MED (multi- ple effect distillation) thermal desalination plant, and can now rely on a daily supply of 6,000 m3 of process water – with less than 5 ppm of total dissolved solids. The Aruba refinery installed a turnkey Alfa Laval TVC-6-6000 desalination plant in which the evaporator vessel is made of stainless steel and the heat transfer area is in grade 1 titani- um. These are the materials that ensure the best possible refining processes. protection against sea water corrosion.PDF Image | Waste heat recovery Optimizing
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