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3.3 Indirect process heat integration Indirect process heat integration differs from direct process heat integration in that an intermediate circuit is used for transferring heat between the two process streams. The transfer medium (water or thermal oil) absorbs heat in one part of the plant and releases it in another. This approach is used when: • Direct contact between heat source and heat sink is not allowed. The intermediate circuit works as a safety barrier and leakages can be detected in the loop, before the process fluids mix. • Long distances need to be covered. • Flexibility and reduced interdependence is required. Equipping the intermediate circuit with standby coolers and heaters makes it easier to disconnect a unit operation for maintenance, avoiding interdependence between plants. • One heat sink requires multiple heat sources. Indirect process heat integration opens up a vast range of possibilities. Common application examples are: • Sulphuric acid and mineral processing industries. • Boiler feed-water heating where it is important to avoid interleakage and/or where there is a long distance between boiler and heat source. • Ammonia still condenser systems with integrated mother liquor heating in the soda ash industry. • Caustic soda pre-evaporation by recovery of electrolysis heat. Figure 3.9 Indirect process heat integration. Unit operation 1 Intermediate circuit Unit operation 2 38PDF Image | Waste heat recovery Optimizing
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