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Executive Summary In Latin America, as a result of population growth combined with improvements in quality of life, a 3% annual growth in economic output is expected during the foreseeable future. This will require the region to almost double its installed power capacity to about 600 GW by 2030, at a cost of close to 430 billion dollars,3 posing a challenge but also an opportunity to redefine the energy model for the region. LAC already has a low carbon power sector, anchored through a substantial hydrological resource. However, the anticipated energy demand will require major additions to the existing power matrix. Fortunately, the region could produce over 78 PWh4 from solar, wind, marine, geothermal and biomass energy. The corresponding nominal peak capacity would be about 34 TW5 (world installed capacity is 5 TW) well above any foreseeable demand. The cost of use of these Non-Traditional Renewable Energy Technologies (NRETs) is falling and in some cases is already competitive with fossil alternatives. These resources constitute a near zero carbon option. They also constitute an indigenous energy resource without an expiration date and with substantial societal benefits,6 including energy security, resilience, local environmental benefits, domestic job creation, and improved balance of payments, amongst others. According to one estimate, the value of these societal benefits could amount to about $50 per MWh delivered which, if considered, places many of these options in a very competitive position. By and large, the rules of the power sector in LAC and elsewhere, despite being in theory “technology- blind”, were tailor-made to suit conventional power generation technologies, and have therefore intrinsic biases against renewable energy. NRETs differ from conventional generation in their cost structures, revenue and costs stream, generation profiles, geographical distribution, and the wider range of societal benefits they deliver. Therefore, scaling up NRETs will require a recasting of this framework. In order to accommodate these differences, countries can implement mechanisms to compensate for the current biases, or reform the electricity market regulatory and institutional framework so that they provide a truly level playing field, especially by accommodating variable generation and by developing new pricing mechanisms. Public policies have an important role to reduce risks associated with NRETs and increase the profit potential of these investments. Countries and regions that take the lead in developing these new energy sources will have first-mover advantage in one of the world’s fastest growing economic sectors—reaping the economic growth and job creation that will flow from it. Rethinking our energy future p. 4PDF Image | White Paper on Renewable Energy for the 3GFLAC
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