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White Paper on Renewable Energy for the 3GFLAC

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27 Antonio Leite de Sá, Electric Energy Research Center – CEPEL, 2001. Brazilian Wind Atlas available at: http://bit.ly/WindData 28 ICA, 2010. (See reference in note 4) 29 Available at: http://bit.ly/Armereom 30 Available at: http://bit.ly/Morelosmx 31 Basto Oliveira, L. and Pinguelli Rosa, L., 2003. Brazilian waste potential: energy, environmental, social and economic benefits. Energy Policy. 32 WADE, 2004. Bagasse Cogeneration – Global Review and Potential. World Alliance for Decentralized Energy. 33 Corporación para la Competitividad e Innovación de la Región de Atacama; news available at: http://bit.ly/AtacamaCSP 34 Ibid 57 35 Ibid 11 36 T. Johnson, C. Alatorre, Z. Romo and F. Liu, 2010. Low- Carbon Development for Mexico. http://bit.ly/lcdmex 37 Ibid 11 38 Corpoema – UPME (2010). Plan de desarrollo para las fuentes no Convencionales de energía en Colombia 39 Garrad Hassan for the IDB (2009) Preliminary Site Selection: Chilean Marine Energy Resources. 40 Calvalcanti and Petti (2007) Assessment of SEGS-Like Power Plants for the Brazilian Northeast Region and assuming a 21% capacity factor. Available at: http://bit.ly/solarBrazil 41 e.g. Masson, G., Latour, M., & Biancardi, D. (2012). Global market outlook for photovoltaics until 2016. Brussels, Belgium: European Photovoltaic Industry Association. 42 NREL. (2013). Concentrated Solar Power Projects Database. Agua Prieta II, Mexico. Information retrieved and available at: http://bit.ly/AguaPrieta 43 See Concurso Planta de Concentración Solar de Potencia (CSP) http://bit.ly/CSPChile. Concessional finance is offered by the IDB (with resources from the Clean Technology Fund) and the German Development Bank KfW. A grant from the European Union’s Latin-American Investment Facility (LAIF) is also available. 44 Overcapacity in manufacturing due to market decline in some countries and Chinese competitions are also important factors that have driven wind power prices down. 45 In the case of solar nominal power capacities normally noted as W are also described as Wp. 46 GWEC. (2013). Global Wind Statistics 2012. Global Wind Energy Council. Retrieved and available at: http://bit.ly/GWEC2012 47 Revised CTF Investment Plan for Mexico. http://bit.ly/ctfMXrev 48 Ministry of Environment of Argentina: http://bit.ly/EnvArg 49 Chile passed a Geothermal Law in 2000 to foster exploration and expects first deployments in 2015. Valenzuela F, 2011. “Energía Geotérmica y su Implementación en Chile”, Revista Interamericana de Ambiente y Turismo. Vol. 7, No 1, pp. 1-9. http://bit.ly/RIAT7Chile 50 EIA energy database: http://www.eia.gov/countries/ Other countries such as Colombia and Nicaragua have some power plants installed. Note that the biomass capacity figures may not reflect actual renewable energy capacity, as many power plants are co-fired by biomass and fossil fuels. 51 The definition of small hydro varies from country to country. It is commonly defined as projects with installed capacity of up to 20 MW but for Brazil it includes projects of up to 30MW. 52 Estimated as the 2.7% of the global installed capacity. Global installed capacity is reported by IRENA 2012 (see reference in note 11). 53 International Renewable Energy Agency, 2013 (see reference in note 11). 54 See http://bit.ly/SRRENfr. 55 In some cases, the study in Mexico did not consider some of the technologies for which data is available in the rest of the region. In other cases, the Mexico study presented LCOEs for which comparable data was not available in the IRENA database. 56 Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad A.C. - IMCO. (2013). Externalidades asociadas a la generación de electricidad. Medio Ambiente / Cambio Climático. Available at: http://bit.ly/IMCompet 57 T.J. Foxon, R. Gross, A. Chase, J. Howes, A. Arnall, D. Anderson, 2005. UK innovation systems for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers and systems failures. Energy Policy v33(16). http://bit.ly/barriersRE 58 : Carvallo, J.P., 2013. “Explaining Renewable Energy Adoption in Latin America.” Master’s Project. Berkeley, CA: Energy and Resources Group - University of California, Berkeley. 59 “More than Energy” was the motto of the International Grid-connected Renewable Energy Policy Forum held in Mexico in 2006. See http://bit.ly/gridre. 60 See note 13. 61 Yépez-García et al., 2010. (See reference in note 3). 62 A standard methodology for quantifying energy security benefit has not yet emerged. One recent analysis in Asia used the cost of stockpiling fossil fuels to hedge against supply disruptions as a proxy for energy security benefits. Another recent analysis from a US utility attempted to use the national security benefits of reduced oil reduction as an argument for justifying energy efficiency programs. 63 Riahi, K., Dentener, F., Gielen, D., Grubler, A., Jewell, J., Klimont, Z., Krey, V., McCollum, D., Pachauri, S., Rao, S., van Ruijven, B., van Vuuren, D. P., & Wilson, C. (2011). Energy pathways for sustainable development. In L. Gomez- Echeverri, T. B. Johansson, N. Nakicenovic & A. Patwardhan Rethinking our energy future p. 27

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