PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
Storage Technologies Batteries and Fuel Cells Conventional power plants such as diesel generators can vary their output to meet the electrical demand by manipulating their fuel inputs. Renewable technologies such as wind and solar power cannot, and are considered intermittent power sources because their power output varies with the available wind and solar resources. For this reason, it is difficult to have renewable sources provide 100% of the electrical demand on their own, which is why backup power plants or storage technologies are commonly integrated with renewables. Storage technologies allow excess energy generated by renewables to be stored for use at a later time, acting to smooth out intermittency issues. By doing so, they help to stabilize the grid, improving the reliability and quality of transmitted power. variability 5 min Intermittent Smoothing with Battery Storage (5 minute variability) Storage can also increase the overall efficiency of diesel generators by reducing the amount of time the generators will run at part-load and low efficiencies, and may also reduce the cycling (turning on/off) of generators which can increase their lifetime and lower maintenance requirements. It is important to note however, that all storage technologies are net consumers of electricity. They do not create electricity; they only Batteries Batteries convert electrical energy to chemical energy for storage, and vice versa. Each battery has positive (cathode) and negative (anode) electrodes, as well as electrolyte. The types of batteries considered in this section are a wet cell battery, advanced/deep-cycle lead-acid (AdvPb); a molten-salt battery, sodium-sulfur (NaS); and two flow batteries, zinc-bromine (ZnBr) and vanadium-redox (VRB). Advanced lead-acid batteries are the most common commercially available battery seen in operation today, and are different from traditional lead-acid batteries (such as automotive) in that they can tolerate deep discharge cycles. They have moderate costs but limited lifetimes from 3-10 years and require regular maintenance (IRENA 2012c). Sodium-sulfur batteries require high temperatures (300C) and are considered most suitable for large-scale grid applications (IRENA 2012c). They have a much higher energy density than lead-acid batteries, meaning they are more lightweight and take up much less space for the same energy capacity. These batteries are commercially available. Flow batteries (vanadium redox and zinc-bromine) differ from conventional batteries in that their electrolytes are stored separately from the cell stack and must be pumped through the stack to charge/discharge. This type of battery takes up a larger footprint area due to the extra pumps and infrastructure required, however the advantages include the ability to size power and energy capacity independently to cater to each application, and the ability to discharge 100% (IRENA 2012c). Long lifetimes and low degradation are expected as well, because there is minimal decay of the electrodes. Flow batteries are still in the development/early demonstration convert it to other energy forms in order to store it. All storage processes have inherent losses, which means that it takes more energy to store a given amount of electricity than is returned to the grid at a later time. Because of this, storage is only advantageous when energy would be otherwise wasted, due to excess generation. In some power schemes, energy prices are higher during peak times. Under these circumstances it can sometimes be economical to store energy at non-peak times, and sell it back to the grid at peak times. Vanadium-redox Battery Diagram stage and can have high capital costs.PDF Image | Biomass Conversion Technologies
PDF Search Title:
Biomass Conversion TechnologiesOriginal File Name Searched:
Summary_Guide_to_Technologies_Considered.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)