CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

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CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ( caribbean-renewable-energy-development-programme )

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For example beginning of 2010, several Caribbean countries battled a severe drought. Prolonged low rainfall negatively affected residents and economic sectors. St. Lucia even declared a water-related emergency. Drought-like conditions are not uncommon but the situation has been exacerbated because low rainfall began in October 2009, which is usually the wettest month in the sub-region (BBC 2010). During droughts, countries face an increase water stress and it is unlikely that the water demand will be met during those seasons. With a 0.5m rise in sea level, up to 38% of the total current beach could be lost, most vulnerable to lower narrower beaches. This reduces turtle nesting habitats by one-third. Beach erosion and coral bleaching, affected by climate change has furthermore negative impacts on the beach-based tourism industry and the marine-diving ecotourism industry (Bates et al. 2008). Small island states contribute only a small share to the greenhouse effect, but they are the main victims of sea level rise and change of seasonal climates and the increase of tropical storms. 1.2 Caribbean – High Solar Potential versus Low Implementation As mentioned before, Caribbean countries are heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Trade balance and domestic economies are highly vulnerable to fluctuations of oil prices. Up to 50% of their export earnings, including revenues from tourism, are spent to import oil products. Besides that, the Caribbean region will also be heavily affected by consequences of global climate change, particularly rising sea levels and the increased danger of hurricanes. As a result, the Caribbean energy sector is facing main challenges: energy security, economic growth and sustainable development (ECLAC/GTZ 2004). On the other hand, solar radiation in the Caribbean region is high, which is very favorable for various kinds of solar energy implementations. The most common and significant solar technology so far in the Caribbean is solar thermal for solar water heating which is applied for domestic and industrial use, in hotels and hospitals (ECLAC/GTZ 2004). Photovoltaic technology was primarily used for security lightning and stand-alone systems in areas far from the grid, for example to pump water for irrigation (CCST 1999). However, nowadays with grid coverage of almost 100% in all islands, improved technology and decreasing costs, photovoltaic systems are getting Introduction 5

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