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Solar evaporation for salt production and direct solar drying for processing crops are well established applications in developing countries (Agency for International Development 2009). Solar drying is one of the oldest techniques. Nevertheless, solar dryer same as solar water disinfection and solar cooker are non-commercial and therefore seen as marginal products. Not to say those are less important technologies though. They do have significant health aspects and in addition, the positive effect of saving energy. Another technology is solar desalination. Regular desalination processes like brute-force distillation or reverse osmosis are very energy intensive and thus expensive. Using solar energy would be an attractive alternate solution, especially to offset the current and projected water shortages. There are several technologies under development and hopefully soon also applicable for developing countries. Solar water heaters are widely used in developing countries and nowadays also solar refrigeration and solar cooling, another form of thermal heat utilization, finds growing interest, especially in hot countries. However, solar cooling as well as solar thermal power plants are still too expensive and a big challenge for developing countries (Agency for International Development 2009). Photovoltaic technologies were generally used for small applications in remote areas of developing countries and were also judged as too cost-intensive but find more and more acceptance lately. Therefore, this paper will focus on low temperature solar thermal heat utilization (referred to as solar water heater) and photovoltaic technologies for small system sizes in the residential market. 2.1 Renewable Energy Markets in Developing Countries To promote renewable energies, lots of policies came up in the last years and many developed countries have adopted feed-in policies. Also, developing countries have greatly accelerated their renewable electricity promotion policies, enacting, strengthening, or considering a wide array of policies and programs. Many developing countries are interested in using renewable energy technologies to provide electricity to rural and remote areas as a cost-effective alternative to grid supply. Already some rural electrification programs are explicitly incorporating large-scale investment in solar home systems and governments are recognizing geographic rural areas that are non-viable for grid-extension, and enacting explicit policies and subsidies for renewable energies in Implementation of Solar Energy in Developing Countries 9PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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