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4.1.4 Solar Water Heater Barbados has a high standard of living and is considered among the leading developing countries in the world. Electricity coverage is about 100% and virtually all households have running water. Hot water is therefore not viewed as a luxury but as basic requirement (Langniss & Ince 2004). The implementation of solar water heaters was a big success and in the use of this technology, Barbados is the leader in the Caribbean. In 2009, inhabitants benefited from the 45,000 installed solar water heating systems, which were two out of five households (Epp 2009). According to some expert interviews, there might be even 50,000 SWH installed by now (Husbands pers. comm. 24 March 2010, McClean pers. comm. 29 March 2010). Henry Jordan, Director of Sunpower, (26 March 2010) does not think that this number was reached yet. According to him, penetration is about 40%. Anyhow, Barbados has the third highest per capita use of solar water heaters in the world (Meyer 2008) which is very remarkable for a solar water heater market. A first solar water design was introduced in Barbados in 1964. This project was conducted with church members, but as many new technologies; it did not quite meet the requirements and expectations in terms of appearance and performance (UNDP 2008). The commercial break-through started during the first oil crisis with a small solar thermal industry in the early 1970s. James Husbands of Solar Dynamics pioneered the industry’s development with a small loan of 4,200 USD. Peter Hoyos of Sunpower followed in 1978, who just switched off his electric water heater for 2 months and observed the savings of his electricity bills (Headley 1998). In 1983 a third company called Aqua Sol also entered the market. To meet customers’ needs, products were improved to heat water to approximately 135°F/57.2°C, cope with salt air, tolerate the calcium-laden hard water of Barbados, withstand hurricane conditions, overcast conditions and be aesthetically pleasing (UNDP 2008). The system manufacturers went from door to door informing the people about solar water heating and because of the competition the market established. Technology and cost-effectiveness impressed the government and policies for fiscal incentives were established which are still in place (Epp 2009). There are certain tax concessions for solar thermal applications as import tax releases for manufacturers as well as tax deduction for installations – the costs of the system can be subtracted in full amount of Case Studies 34PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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