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the income tax. On top of that, a consumption tax of 60% is charged for all electrical water heaters which makes their purchase unattractive (Loy 2007). Starting in 1974, tax incentives soon came under close scrutiny by the Ministry of Finance. But a consultancy report suggested that the benefits of the incentives far outweighed the governmental revenue losses and that the incentives should be kept in place to ensure the success of the sustainable energy program. Nevertheless, incentives were withdrawn in 1993 because the economy was faced with structural adjustment problems. This had a critical effect on the industry, resulting in a decline in purchase of solar water heaters. Three years later, the government of Barbados reintroduced the initiative which relieved the industry (UNDP 2008). To maintain market growth and to become a self sufficient market, the government committed to use solar water heaters in its housing program with the National Housing Corporation, a division of the Ministry of Housing. Another big effort by the government was to communicate the cost-effectiveness of solar water heaters to the population and educate them (Epp 2009). Solar Dynamics supported this promotion with participation at seminars, workshops, exhibitions and recordings of success stories. The involvement and participation of the government helped Solar Dynamics to its success (UNDP 2008). To improve consumer’s confidence, system efficiency was enhanced, manufacturers established and maintained a policy of installing only properly sized systems suitable for their perspective use and did a voluntary testing of a 66 gallon unit at the Florida Solar Energy Center (Epp 2009). A summary of incentives is listed in Table 3. Incentives for renewable energies in general are used to reach certain targets, like lower installed costs, reduce risk, help to create a market and to capture social benefits like reducing environmental emissions and oil imports. But of course, there is always the question if the incentives are a prudent justifiable use of taxpayer’s money. This question was answered by James Husband in 1994, mentioning that the installed solar water heaters between 1974 and 1992 produced total energy savings of 50 million USD and cost the government 6.6 million USD in revenue (Perlack & Hinds 2008). Case Studies 35PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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