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Solar Water Heater Framework In the Caribbean region, water has an ambient temperature of about 80°F/26.7°C and needs to be heated up to 125°F/51.7°C, at least. That means to heat 1 gallon/3.8 liter of water for 45°F/25°C it requires energy of 0.11 kWh. Depending on the amount of water, the temperature difference and the efficiency of an equivalent electric water heater (80- 95%) to heat up the water, between 3500 and 4000 kWh per year can be saved when using a solar water heater. Besides energy savings for the households, this also means saving effects on the countries’ economy. The Caribbean islands pay a big part of their export earnings to import oil and gas. Solar water heater can substitute those costs in the heating segment and save capital of power plants. Furthermore, the sun is a local available resource, which increases energy security and reduces potential hazards associated with transportation and generation of fossil fuels. Perlack and Hinds (2008) estimated that solar water heater save an estimated 3710 kWh1 annually which would mean an annual saving of 65 million kWh for Barbados with a value of 23 million BBD (11.4 million USD). This would make a cumulative value of 267 million BBD (about 132 million USD) through the year 2002, Figure 22. This calculation is based on the assumption of a 50% replacement of the electric water heaters. Figure 22: Annual Solar Water Heater Energy Savings Source: Perlack & Hinds 2008 1 * based on 35,000 SWH installed in 2002, historical average tank size of 62 gallon, efficiency of 90%, temperature difference of 60 °F assuming SWH replace 50% of electric water heater 61PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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